英語名詞的單復數(shù)與一致性

1. 并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時與謂語的一致關(guān)系

a) 由and連接兩個名詞或者代詞作主語時

A and B分為以下四種情況：

i. A、B表示不同的人、物或者觀念的時候，謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式

Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.

Both the parents and the children are here.

ii. A、B表示同一個人、物或者觀念的時候，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式

A journalist and author lives in the sixth flat.

The turner and fitter is under twenty-five.

iii. And連接幾個單數(shù)主語，主語由each、 every、 no、 many等詞修飾的時候，謂

語動詞要用單數(shù)

Each boy and each girl is invited.

Every boy and girl is invited.

No boy and no girl is there now.

iv. A、B為兩個不可分的東西時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)

A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up.

Bread and butter is nutritious.

b) 由or, not only...but also..., either...or..., neither...nor...連接主語時，謂語的人稱和數(shù)與靠近的主語一致（注意，敘述句和疑問句隨語序不同而不同）

Either you or I am mad.

Neither you nor he is naughty.

Not only the farmer but also his family were friendly to me.

c) 當主語后跟有with, along with, together with, besides, except, like, including, as well as, rather than等詞的時候，謂語動詞不受詞組的影響，僅和主語保持一致

All but one were here just now.

A library with five thousand books is offered to nation as a gift.

2. 單一主語的情況

a) 以復數(shù)形式結(jié)尾的名詞作主語時，例如physics, maths, economics, news, means, works, 等一般在謂語動詞中用單數(shù)形式, 當然，若表示復數(shù)的意思則另當別論

Physics is very important.

Every means has been tried.

b) 表示雙部分工具的名稱，衣服名稱等作主語時，例如trousers/pants, shoes, glasses, scissors, goods, clothers等，謂語用復數(shù)形式；如果這些詞由Pair(suit,

piece, series,kind)+ of修飾的時候，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)

My trousers are white and his clothes are black.

A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.

但是在these/those pairs (…) of + 復數(shù)名詞之后，謂語動詞則用復數(shù)形式

These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.

3. 動名詞，不定式，從句作主語的時候，謂語動詞一般要用單數(shù)

To see is to believe.

Swimming is a good way to keep health.

Who is her father is not known.

4. 集體名詞作主語時

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