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語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)冠 詞
（一）考綱要求考綱規(guī)定，冠詞考查基本用法，包括定冠詞與不定冠詞，不定冠詞a與an的區(qū)別；不用冠詞的情況；習(xí)語(yǔ)中的冠詞；特指與泛指等。
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冠詞規(guī)則的靈活運(yùn)用是高考命題的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)，幾乎每年高考題的單項(xiàng)選擇或完形填空都有涉及冠詞的題目，不定冠詞和定冠詞的一些特殊用法，習(xí)慣用法及不用冠詞的情況是高考重點(diǎn)考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。
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當(dāng)代語(yǔ)法把冠詞分為不定冠詞、定冠詞和零冠詞（即不用冠詞）三種。冠詞是一種虛詞，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定詞，放在名詞（或名詞化的形容詞分詞）前面，說(shuō)明其所指的人或物。
1、定冠詞的基本用法：
① 表示上文提到過(guò)的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.
�、� 用于說(shuō)話人與聽(tīng)話人心中都有數(shù)的人或事物。如：Close the window, please.
③ 用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。
�、� 用于表示方位的名詞之前。如：the east, the right.
�、� 用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)之前。如：the first, the tallest.
�、� 用于形容詞之前，使其名詞化。如：the sick, the wounded.
�、� 用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)有名詞之前。如：the United States, the United Nation.
�、� 用于江河、海洋、海峽、山脈、群島、建筑物等的名詞之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake.
�、� 用于復(fù)數(shù)姓氏之前，表示"夫婦"或"全家"。如：The Smiths
�、� 用于樂(lè)器的名詞前。如：play the piano; play the violin.
�、稀“l(fā)明物。如：The compass was invented in China.
�、小∧甏~前。如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.
⒀ 固定詞組中。如：in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time
2、不定冠詞的基本用法：
�、� 泛指一個(gè)。如：There is a book on the table.
�、� 指人或事物的某一種類(lèi)。如：His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea.
�、� 指某一個(gè)人或事物，但不具體說(shuō)明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.
�、� 用于某一些表示重量、長(zhǎng)度、時(shí)間等單位前，表示"每一"。如：We have meals three times a day.（我們一天吃三餐。）
�、� 表示同樣的。如：They are of an age.（他們是同歲。）
�、� 表數(shù)量，相當(dāng)于one,但語(yǔ)意較弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk.
�、� 使抽象名詞具體化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother. （a hand譯"幫手"）
�、� 固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word
3、不用冠詞的情況：
�、� 表示總稱的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前。如：Children love cartoons.（兒童喜歡卡通影片。）
�、� 不含普通名詞的專(zhuān)有名詞前。如：We are studying English.
�、� 名詞前有指示代詞、物主代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格修飾時(shí)。如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einstein's theory proved to be correct.
�、� 季節(jié)、月份、星期等名詞前，一般不用冠詞。如：She likes spring most.
�、� 呼語(yǔ)前不用冠詞。如：What shall I do next, Mother?
�、� 三餐飯前不用冠詞。如：What did you have for lunch?
�、� 節(jié)假日前不用冠詞。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.
�、� 球類(lèi)和棋類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前不用冠詞。如：She is fond of playing basketball.
⑨ 在一些成對(duì)出現(xiàn)的短語(yǔ)中不用冠詞。如：arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牽手）; side by side（肩對(duì)肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door（挨門(mén)挨戶）; from beginning to end（從頭到尾）; from morning till night（從早到晚）等。
練習(xí)（一）、冠 詞
1. In America, ____ car is ____ popular means of transportation（交通設(shè)施）.
A. the, the B. a, the C. the, / D. the, a
2. ---- What happened? ---- They left in such ____ hurry that they forgot to lock ____ door.
A. a, a B. a, the C. /, the D. /, a
3. There were two small rooms in the house, ____ smaller of which served as ____ kitchen.
A. a, the B. the, a C. the, the D. a, a
4. I ordered ____ book some time ago. ____ book has arrived.
A. a, The B. the, A C. a, A D. /, The
5. Mr Smith is ____ European and his wife is ____ American.
A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a
6. Lesson 10 is ____ most difficult lesson, but it isn't ____ most difficult lesson in Book One.
A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D. the, a
7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once ____ month. A. a B. an C. the D. every
8. He was absent because he had caught ____.
A. heavy a cold B. the heavy cold C. a heavy cold D. heavy cold
9. ____ water is ____ liquid. A. The, a B. A, a C. /, / D. /, a
10. In winter ____ people often hang up wet clothes near ____ fire.
A. /, / B. a, a C. /, a D. the, a
11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have ____ third try.
A. a B. the C. another D. other
12. He was a top student in the class, he often got ____ in English.
A. first B. a first C. second D. the second
13. ____ horse is ____ useful animal. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, an D. /, a
14. Tom left Shanghai in ____.
A. the summer 1995 B. summer 1995 C. 1995 the summer D. the summer of 1995
15. ____ children here live ____ most happy life. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, / D. /, the
16. The soldier died during ____ World War I. A. the B. the first C. / D. a
17. In ____ Marx began to learn Russian.
A. a 1870 B. 1870s C. the year of 1870 D. the 1870s
18. Alice is ____ of the two girls. A. taller B. the tall C. more tall D. the taller
19. ---- Can your sister play ____? ---- No, but she can play ____.
A. the tennis, the piano B. tennis, piano C. the tennis, piano D. tennis, the piano
20. The introduction is always in ____ of a book.
A. front B. the front C. a front D. instead
21. She touched her daughter gently ____ shoulder.
A. in her B. on her C. in the D. on the
22. Both ____ wounded and ____ sick were sent to safety.
A. /, / B. the, the C. /, the D. the, /
23. ____ doctors and ____ nurses should care for their patients.
A. The, the B. /, / C. The, / D. /, the
24. Tell us the story as ____ Mother told you. A. a B. the C. an D. /
25. Do you know how long ____ has lived on the earth?
A. man B. the man C. a man D. men
26. The man was once thrown into ____ prison for robbing the bank. A. a B. an C. the D./
27. ____ Mount Tai is in the east of China. A. A B. The C. / D. That
28. I like ____ history. I am studying ____ history of China.
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