同義句轉(zhuǎn)換的九種類型

　　同義句轉(zhuǎn)換題是近幾年中考英語的一個(gè)�？碱}型，其出題形式通常是同時(shí)給出兩個(gè)句子，第一句完整，第二句中設(shè)有幾處空格，要求考生填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或詞組，使第二句的意思與第一句意思相同。以下是小編整理的同義句轉(zhuǎn)換的九種類型，希望能夠幫助到大家。

　　一、運(yùn)用同義詞（組）進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換

　　用同義詞或同義詞組對(duì)原句中的某些詞或詞組進(jìn)行替換，注意轉(zhuǎn)換后的詞或詞組的詞形變化要與句子其他成分相適應(yīng)。如：

　　1. That day we could see flowers here and there.

　　That day we could see flowers __________.

　　分析：答案為everywhere。everywhere與here and there都表示“到處”。

　　2. The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school.

　　The teacher always_______ ______the children well in the school.

　　分析：答案為looks after。take good care of與look after…well都表示“好好照顧”。

　　二、運(yùn)用反義詞（組）的否定式進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換

　　即用反義詞或詞組的否定式表達(dá)與原句相同的意思，主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)反義詞（詞組）的積累和換位思維的能力。如：

　　1. It’s clear that this visit is different from last time.

　　It’s clear that this visit is not the___ ___last time.

　　分析：答案為same as。be different from意為“與……不同”；the same as意為“與……相同”，其否定式與be different from同義。

　　2. I think wealth is less important than health.

　　I ___ think wealth is ___ important than health.

　　分析：答案為don’t，more。less important的意思是“沒有（不及）……重要”；more important的意思是“（比）……更重要”，該結(jié)構(gòu)與not連用，則表示“不比……更重要”。

　　另外，有的反義詞即使不與否定詞連用，而只需改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)也可構(gòu)成同義句。如：

　　He lent some money to his friend.

　　He friend ___ some money ___ him.

　　分析：答案為borrowed，from。borrow…from意為“向……借……”；lend…to意為“把……借給……”。兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)意思相反，但若變換“借出者”與“借入者”的位置，則可轉(zhuǎn)換為同義句。

　　三、運(yùn)用不同語態(tài)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換

　　即運(yùn)用主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的變化來轉(zhuǎn)換同義詞，但此時(shí)要特別注意時(shí)態(tài)、動(dòng)詞一致性。如：

　　1. Everyone should give back his library books on time.

　　Library books should____ ____ ____ on time.

　　分析：答案為be given back。被動(dòng)句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should，因此助動(dòng)詞用be。

　　2. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today.

　　Computers ____ widely ___ in the world today.

　　分析：答案為are，used。computers是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，助動(dòng)詞用are。

　　四、非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換

　　即非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換，此時(shí)往往會(huì)涉及時(shí)態(tài)的變化。如：

　　1. The manager left two hours ago.

　　The manager _____ ____ ____ for two hours.

　　分析：答案為has been away。leave為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不能與for two hours這樣的一段時(shí)間連用，而改成be away這樣的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞后，則可連用一段時(shí)間。

　　2. The film began five minutes ago.

　　The film has been _____ _____ five minutes.

　　分析：答案為on for。has been提示時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，“for+時(shí)間段”表示“持續(xù)（一段時(shí)間）”，常用在含有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的句子里。

　　3. Mr Li joined the Party twenty years ago.

　　Mr Li _____ _____ _____ the Party for twenty years.

　　答案：has been in。短暫動(dòng)詞join，意為“參加、加入（組織，政黨）”，不能與延續(xù)時(shí)間狀語連用，與延續(xù)性時(shí)間狀語連用時(shí)，將join改成be in或be a member in…。

　　五、運(yùn)用不同引語進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換

　　即將直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語或?qū)㈤g接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成直接引語。此時(shí)還要注意相關(guān)時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、動(dòng)詞、狀語等相應(yīng)的變化。如：

　　1. “I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me.

　　He _________ me that he _________ _________ his wallet.

　　分析：答案為told，had found。此題是將直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語。

　　2. “Did you see her last week?” he said.

　　He _______ _______ I had seen her the week _______.

　　分析：答案為asked if/ whether, before。此題是將疑問句的直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語。

　　六、運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)單句與復(fù)合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換

　　即將簡(jiǎn)單句變成同義的復(fù)合句或?qū)��?fù)合句變成同義的簡(jiǎn)單句。如：

　　1. We didn’t go out for a walk because it was raining.

　　We didn’t go out for a walk _______ _______ the rain.

　　分析：答案為because of。將原因狀語從句because it was raining改為表示原因的介詞短語because of the rain。

　　2. He was so excited that he couldn’t go to sleep.

　　He was ______ ______ ______ go to sleep.

　　分析：答案為too excited to。將so…that…換成too…to…結(jié)構(gòu)，原句的that從句為結(jié)果狀語從句，改寫句中的不定式仍表結(jié)果。

　　3. Now I will show you how to do the work.

　　Now I will show you ______ ______ ______ do the work.

　　分析：答案為how you can。即將原句中的“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句。

　　4. You should put them back after you use them.

　　You should put them back _____ _____ them.

　　分析：答案為after using。即將after引導(dǎo)的狀語從句改寫為after引導(dǎo)的介詞短語。

　　七、運(yùn)用并列句與復(fù)合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換

　　即將并列句變成同義的復(fù)合句或?qū)��?fù)合句變成同義的并列句。如：

　　1. Come on, or we’ll miss the early bus.

　　____ we ____ hurry, we’ll miss the early bus.

　　分析：答案為If，don’t。if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。

　　2. The man gave us a talk last week. Now he will give us another talk this week.

　　The man _____ gave us a talk last week _____ _____ us another talk this week.

　　分析：答案為who/ that，will give。who/ that gave us a talk last week為定語從句，修飾先行詞the man。

　　八、運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)連詞連接或合并句子

　　即運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)連詞both…and…，neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…等將兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合并為一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。此時(shí)要注意的是，both…and…連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語總是用復(fù)數(shù)，而neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常應(yīng)與靠近的主語保持一致。如：

　　1. Tom can’t speak Japanese well and Jim can’t, either.

　　______ Tom ______ Jim can speak Japanese well.

　　分析：答案填Neither，nor。neither…nor…表示“……和……（兩者）都不”，剛好與原句的兩個(gè)否定結(jié)構(gòu)的意思相吻合。

　　2. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too.

　　______ Alice ______ Peter have read the book.

　　分析：答案為Both，and。both…and…的意思是“……和……（兩者）都”。

　　3. This store sells men’s shoes, and it also sells men’s clothes.

　　This store sells ______ ______ men’s shoes ______ ______ men’s clothes.

　　分析：答案為not only，but also。表示“不僅……而且……”之意。

　　九、利用某些典型句式或結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換

　　這類典型結(jié)構(gòu)如so…that…，too…to…，enough to，not…until…，so do I等。如：

　　1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too.

　　Jim wants to go boating, and ______ ______ his parents.

　　分析：答案為so do。句意為“……他的父母也一樣（一樣想去）”。

　　2. John went to bed after he finished his homework.

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