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初中英語語法知識考查要點

時間:2023-04-30 03:00:01 英語語法 我要投稿
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初中英語語法知識考查要點

1. 名詞

  ?(1) 不規(guī)則名詞的單、復數(shù)形式要特別記憶:

初中英語語法知識考查要點

  ?man—men, woman—women, child—children, foot—feet, tooth—teeth

  ?(2) 單數(shù)、復數(shù)同形的名詞:

  ?fish, sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese

  ?(3) 常用復數(shù)形的名詞:

  ?trousers, shoes, glasses

  ?(4) 只有復數(shù)形的名詞:

  ?thanks, clothes

  ?(5) 單數(shù)形式但其意為復數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞:

  ?people, police

  ?(6) 有生命的名詞所有格形式:

  ?單數(shù)名詞加's, 復數(shù)名詞加s', 不是以s結(jié)尾的復數(shù)名詞加?'s?, 如: children's

  room

  ?(7) 無生命的名詞所有格用of結(jié)構(gòu)表達:

  ?如: the capital of China

  ?(8) 表示并列名詞各自所有,在各名詞詞尾加's:

  ?如: Tom's and Mary's bikes (兩人各自的自行車)

  ?(9) 表示并列名詞共同所有,則在后一個名詞的詞尾加's:?

   如: Tom and Mary's mother (即Tom與Mary是兄妹)

  ?(10) 關(guān)于時間、距離、長度、重量、價格的所有格:

  ?如: ten minutes' walk, ten miles' journey, a boat's length, two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth

  ?(11) 雙重所有格:

  ?a friend of my father's

 。玻 形容詞與副詞

  ?(1) 原級,比較級,最高級詞形變化:

  ?① [單元音+單輔音]的單音節(jié)詞

  ?fat—fatter—fattest

  ?thin—thinner—thinnest

  ?hot—hotter—hottest

  ?big—bigger—biggest

  ?② 以y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞

  ?easy—easier—easiest

  ?heavy—heavier—heaviest

  ?pretty—prettier—prettiest

 、 劣級比較

  ?less+形容詞/副詞原級+than

  ?例: She is less beautiful than Mary.

  ?④ 兩者之間用比較級,在比較級前加定冠詞,三者以上用最高級

  ?例: He is the taller of the two.?

  She is the best player of the three.

  ?⑤ 越……越……的表達法

  ?例: The days are getting hotter and hotter.

  ?The more you study, the more you learn.

  ?⑥ 修飾比較級的詞有:much, by far, even, a little, a great deal…

  ?例: She is much better now.

  ?? 切記不要用比較級來修飾比較級。

 。常∵B詞

  ?(1) 動詞與*近的主語一致:

  ?這樣的連詞有: or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also。

  ?(2) or的用法:

  ?① 作或者講

  ?例: You or your friend has to go to the teachers' office.

  ?② 作否則講

  ?例: Hurry up, or you will be late for school.

  ?(3) and與but:

  ?例: He has no money and he is poor.?

     He is poor but he is honest.

  4. 介詞

  ?(1) 表示時間:

  ?at: 表示某一時間點

  ?如: at noon

  ?on: 表示特定的日子

  ?如: on Christmas

  ?in: 表示一段不具體的時間

  ?如: in the morning, in the Second world war

  ?? 如表示在某一特定的早上、下午則用on

  ?如: on a cold morning, on a hot afternoon, on Sunday morning

  ?during: 表示期間內(nèi)的某個時期

  ?如: during the night, during the Second World War

  ?for: 其后接表示一段時間長度的詞

  ?如: for three days

  ?through: 表示在整個期間沒有間歇

  ?例: It snowed through the night.

  ?till/until: 表示動作持續(xù)的終點

  ?例:I studied hard till twelve o'clock last night.

  ?by: 表示動作完成期限

  ?例: I'll be back by five o'clock.

  ?since: 表示某動作的起始點

  ?例:I have studied English since 1990.

  ?(2) 表示地點:

  ?at: 表示較小的地點

  ?如: arrived at the school gate

  ?in: 表示較大的地點

  ?如: arrived in Shanghai

  ?for: 表示目的地

  ?例: I'll leave for Shanghai.

  ?above: 表示上面,上方,其反意詞是below

  ?over: 表示垂直上方,其反意詞是under

  ?例: The dog jumped over the table.

  ?through: 表示穿過

  ?如: through the forest

  ?across: 表示平原上的跨越

  ?例: I want to walk across the road.

 。担釉~

  ?(1) 動詞的時態(tài):

  ?① 一般現(xiàn)在時

  ?一般現(xiàn)在時的主要用法有兩點:其一表示一經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作,如: I always go to scho

  ol at seven. 其二表示某一真理,事實,如: The earth moves around the sun.

  ?② 現(xiàn)在完成時

  ?現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法有兩點:其一表示某一動作發(fā)生于過去,并持續(xù)下來,到現(xiàn)在完成

  。如: I have studied English for two years. 其二表示某動作發(fā)生于過去并已結(jié)束,但其影響到現(xiàn)在。如: I haven't had my lunch. I'm hungry now.

  ?與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的詞語有:yet, already, before, since, ever, never等。

  ?其考查要點:

  ?其一: Have been表示曾經(jīng)去過,如:I have been to America twice. 說此話的人應

  已經(jīng)回到國內(nèi)。而He has gone to Japan.則此人目前已到日本去了。

  ?其二: 截止性動詞可以有現(xiàn)在完成時,但不可與表示一段長度的詞連用,如: The clas

  s has begun. The class has been on for five minutes.

  ?③ 一般過去時

  ?表示過去發(fā)生的動作,過去的習慣或反復發(fā)生的動作。如: Who broke the window? In those days, I studied hard at night every day. 與過去時連用的時間狀語有: at that time, ago, in 1949, just now (剛才), last night, yesterday

  ?④ 一般將來時

  ?純將來時的表示法: shall/will+動詞原形

  ?例: I'll leave for Shanghai this evening.

  ?表示按計劃要做或可能做的事: be going to+動詞原形

  ?例: I'm going to help you tonight.

  ?將來時的特殊表示法

  ?a. be+coming/leaving/going/starting/arriving

  ?例: Don't worry. I'm coming.

  ?b. be about to+動詞原形

  ?例: He is about to leave, when the telephone rings.

  ?c. 狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來

  ?例: If it rains tomorrow I won't go to the party.

  ?(2) 情態(tài)動詞:

  ?can: 能,會

  ?例: He can do it very well.

  ?may: 許可,可能性

  ?例: May I use your pen?

  ?must: 必要,禁止(多表示主觀看法)

  ?例: You mustn't play with fire.

  ?have。簦铮骸〔坏貌(多表示客觀之事)

  ?例: I have to go, because I have a meeting.

  ?could與would:二者用于現(xiàn)在時表示語氣的委婉

  ?例: Could you help me?

 。叮湫

  (1) 賓語從句:

  ?由疑問代詞或副詞引出的賓語從句

  ?例: Could you tell me where the post office is??

         Could you tell me what he said? (what作said的賓語)

  ?由that引出的賓語從句

  ?例: They said that they would give me some help. (that 僅作引導詞)

  ?? 賓語從句中的疑問句要用陳述語序。

  ?例: He asked when we would leave home.

  (2) 狀語從句:

  ?狀語從句可包括:時間/地點/原因/結(jié)果/目的等狀語從句。

  ?例:I will come when I am free.?

    I'm late because my bike is broken.?

    He went so early that he got a good seat.?

    She studied hard so that she would pass the exam.

  ?? 狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。

  ?例: If it rains tomorrow I shall not go to the cinema.

  ?? 表示在一長動作進行過程中某一動作突然發(fā)生則長動作要用進行時態(tài),而突發(fā)性 動作要用一般時態(tài)。

  ?例: When I'm reading a book, the telephone rings.

  (3) 反意疑問句

  ?例: She can swim across the river, can't she??

  It's a fine day, isn't it??

  Marry needs to have a rest, doesn't she??

  You have nothing to do, do you??

  He seldom does homework, does he??

  Don't open the door, will you??

  Open the door please, will you??

  Let us have a rest, will you??

  Let's go, shall we?

  (4) 感嘆句:

  ?例. What a hot day it is!?

         How hot the wea

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