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怎樣學習英語語法
怎樣學習語法
我國的英語學習者大多是成年人或十多歲的青少年，或者理解力較強，或者模仿力較強，在沒有英語環(huán)境的情況下，學習語法，了解所學語言的規(guī)則，可以縮短學習過程，掌握英語的規(guī)律，盡快提高聽、說、讀、寫、譯的能力。
那么，怎樣學習語法呢？下面擬從四個方面簡要談一談：
�。�1）練好基本句型。
我國近年來的英語教學實踐證明：在初學階段，采用聽說領先、學習基本句型的方法去學習英語語法，是行之有效的。
句型學習是通過聽說領先的方法去學習傳統(tǒng)語法里最常用的語法項目（把它們變?yōu)榫湫腿ゲ倬殻＞湫陀柧殞嶋H上吸取了傳統(tǒng)語法與結構語法兩派的長處。目前國內的英語廣播（電視）教學，在入門階段，多采用句型教學法。因此自學者或者收聽廣播（收看電視）進行學習，或者根據(jù)所選用的課本提供的句型用替換詞進行替換練習。所學的句型應該是由淺入深，由簡到繁；講求熟練掌握，不要貪多冒進。每學一個項目，首先要把單項練習練熟，然后過渡到綜合練習，最后則應做到擴大運用。
以定語從句這一項為例。把“I read a novel yesterday．和“It was extremely Interesting．”這兩個單句改為“The nov-el I read yesterday was extremely interesting．”這就是定語從句的單項練習。首先要反復進行替換練習。如把“I saw aman this morning．”和“The man is my teacher．”改為“Theman I saw this morning is my teacher．”把“I saw a film lastnight．”和“The film was very amusing．”改為“The film Isaw last night was very amusing．”這種練習雖然是枯燥的，卻是重要的基本功，務求把定語從句練到脫口而出的地步。這是第一步。
第二步是把定語從句放在一定的語言情景中去綜合運用，進行一問一答。如：
A：Did you enjoy the opera？
B：Which opera？
A：The one we saw last night，of course．
B：Yes，very much．
第三步是擴大運用，也就是把定語從句和以前學過的兩三個項目放在一起去操練。
A：Do you know who Edgar Snow was？（一般問句；名詞從句）
B：Yes，he was an American writer who interviewed Chairman Mao in Beijing．（定語從句）
A：Oh，now I remember．He was the auther who wrote“Red Star Over China”，wasn't he？（定語從句；反意問句）
B：Exactly．
這種回答不但練了定語從句，而且復習了一般問句和反意問句，也給名詞從句的學習打了“埋伏”。進行句型操練，既需要“滾雪球”（復習已學的項目），也需要“打埋伏”（預先練一下將來要學習的項目）。
在句型學習階段必須注意：在聽、說領先的前提下，寫、讀要跟上，力求聽、說、寫、讀四會均衡發(fā)展。因此，時間上要作出合理的安排。早上通�？砂才艦槔首x時間。如果能每日堅持下去，收效一定很大。
（2）結合課文去學。
呂叔湘先生說過：“與其多讀語法書，不如多讀文章�！庇终f：“詞語要嵌在上下文里才有生命，才容易記住，才知道用法�！保ㄒ浴吨袊藢W英語》）課文是學習英語的“重要基地”。課文里有語音、詞匯項目，也有各類語法項目。它們有機地結合在課文里。課文中出現(xiàn)的語法項目，是有血有肉的，不是干巴巴的。通過課文去學語法，可以學得活，記得牢，這比孤零零地背誦語法條目要有效得多。因此，在句型學習結束后，宜結合課文去學語法，要圍繞課文中出現(xiàn)的主要語法項目，循序漸進地學習比較系統(tǒng)的語法知識。
哪些項目是課文里的主要語法項目？通常教科書的編者都明確指出了每一課的主要語法項目。要弄清這些項目的基本概念，掌握它們的公式與用途，尤其要認真地做好有關練習。
�。�3）對比英語和本族語的語法。
英語和漢語屬于不同的語系，二者的語法區(qū)別很大。英語學習中出現(xiàn)的許多錯誤，往往是由于漢語語法習慣在自學者的頭腦中已經(jīng)根深蒂固，對英語語法的學習產(chǎn)生了種種干擾。要排除這種干擾，最好的方法是經(jīng)常對比英語與漢語語法的異同。現(xiàn)舉數(shù)例：
人家問你：“Haven’t you read this book？”（你沒有讀過這本書嗎？）如果回答是否定的，依照漢語的習慣，回答通常是：“是的，我沒有讀過。”但說英語時，你就得說：“ No，Ihaven’t．”
漢語說“一萬”，英語卻說“十個千（ten thousand）”；漢語說“兩億”，英語則說：“二百個百萬（two hundred million）”。兩種語言關于數(shù)目的表達是大不相同的。
英語說：“She is too tired to run on．”譯成漢語卻說：“她太累了，不能再跑了�！边@中間要加上“不能”這個否定詞。
我們只有掌握了這些區(qū)別，才有可能把語法學到手。可見在語法學習中，自覺地運用語法是很重要的。
（4）進行大量的語言實踐。
英語語法學得好不好，主要不是看你讀了多少語法書，記了多少條語法規(guī)則，而是要看你在實踐中能否正確掌握所學的這些語法規(guī)則——能聽懂，說得好，寫得好，理解得好，譯得準確。要達到這個地步，除了在必要的語法理論指導下進行大量的語言實踐以外，是沒有什么速成的辦法的。
我們常聽到學習的人抱怨說：“這個項目一講就懂，一用就錯。”這句話說明一般的語法理論知識并不難懂，但就是難用。要掌握好一個語法項目，就得靠多聽、多說、多寫、多讀、多譯，也就是做反復的、大量的、多樣化的練習。
“學習英語有沒有捷徑？”我們認為是沒有的。練習得越多，實踐得越多，所學的內容就掌握得越牢。
[原創(chuàng)]A thank-you letter
Hi, Valerie,
How are you? have you got the approval for your new EP(Employment Pass).
If yes, congratulations!
I wanted to email to GP first, but temporally can't
find his address. It doesn't mean I don't want to write
to you, just feel like GP is more closer to me that
time.
GP told me that because of me you don't want to
talk to Kent either. I was very appreciateful, cause
I took this as my true friend's action! However, Rex
didn't do as you did at all!
I didn't talk to you much when we were in the same
company, though you just sat behind me. Last time I
thought even talk too much with another girl is
considered a great offence to my "wife". I was stuck
too deep to stay awake of this mass. Thank you and GP
so much for having given me great support when I
needed it badly.
I miss GP and you, really. Just hope one day we can
meet together and drink together. I am sure I won't
have a boss like GP again, not to mention a colleague
like you and Vincent. You guys left me the sweetest
memories in Singapore. How am I going to thank
you?
Please tell GP that I have mailed to you and let me know
his address as well. I want to email to him too. I'm
now at home being taken well care of by my parents.
They are about to buy me a car so that I can travel to
some other provinces in China. Ok, my daddy is back,
got to take lunch with him. See you.
All the bests to you and GP
Danny
[原創(chuàng)]About the F word
When I first started to learn English in middle school, I didn't know there is F word in vocabulary. Until many years later, browsing through a book about American Slang in the college library, I spotted the F word in an expression about cursing. I looked it up in my dictionary, but found nothing. Back then, we didn’t have computers or Internet, which gives you access to any sort of information in the blink of an eye, nor did we have DVD or VCD. The only chance we could watch American movie was that during some weekday evening the American teachers played some movies brought from US on a VCR. The TV in our classroom was very small, and the sound was poor. And the room was always packed and had an awful smell of body odor, stale air, and lots of noises.
Honestly, I could understand disturbingly little of the movie, which had no subtitle and couldn’t be played back. All we studied was some stupid textbooks titled advanced English with passages written probably decades or even centuries ago by some famous writers or philosophers whatsoever.
Many years passed, we have more options of English learning, and my knowledge increases. I found that the f word is so widely used in English that no one could say his or her English is really good without solid knowledge of it.
To many beginners, teachers told them that the f word is a bad and crude word they should never learn or use. But I think this is terribly wrong. The f word, though often used as a verbal insult to other people as in “f you”, it is also frequently used to indicate anger, resentment, affection, or even care. Some good examples could be easily caught in the many popular American movies. “Where the f are you talking about?” “Where the f have you been” The speaker may be simply emphasizing an emotion of surprise, shock, or concern. The most interesting word incorporating the f word is “abso-f ing-lutely” in one episode of the TV show “Sex and the City”. If we don’t know how to use the f word, it is really hard to express a degree of certainty higher than the word “absolute”.
My point is that as language learners we should always keep in mind that sometimes what you see is not what you get. To learn a language better, it requires us so much more than hard work and practice. We need to expose ourselves to a more authentic language environment even it is very difficult for people like us living and working in China. The earlier we expose ourselves to cross-cultural problems, the more obstacles we come across in learning English, the deeper we would understand the language. So challenge yourself and you would become tougher and smarter.
為了更好理解這篇文章，請觀看以下電影：http://www.ebaumsworld.com/fwordflash.html
[原創(chuàng)]BEC高級--讓我難忘的考試
又一年的BEC考試又要開始了.很多人急著復習備考了.平心而論,她在對測試非英語為母語的考生運用英語作為工具進行商務活動能力的方面還是比較有說服力和權威性的,所以對于將來有志進入(或已經(jīng)進入)外企進行國際貿易的人員來說,這項考試還是值得一試的.特別是BEC HIGHER, 她對英語綜合能力的評估力度相對更大一些.
由于BEC考試有她特有的特點,報考她的人也越來越多.但是也正是由于她將英語和商務結合到一起,致使考試難度加大.無論是對于沒有經(jīng)過英語專業(yè)訓練的非英語專業(yè)考生,還是對于學習英語專業(yè)但沒有商務知識的考生來說都是比較困難的.尤其如果是沒有正式進入工作崗位,只是在校學生,他們對BEC高級商務實務不是很了解,在解決具體考試內容的時候,就會有一定難度.
[原創(chuàng)]Government Officers
I had no idea what the government officers were like before I joined my bureau. I, however, had no positive impressions on them, because of some officers I approached when I was a salesman.
Of course, I usually contacted those who were in charge of purchasing. Those officers were/maybe still are proud, demanding and powerful. Some of them hinted me for returns and some just asked directly. I invited them for dinner sometimes, and they ordered the most expensive dishes. Some even asked for more services after dinner. Not until all the so-called services were done, did they want to release some useful information to us or sign the purchasing orders. That’s why I used to look down upon them. They were nothing but a big pile of shit to me.
And now I’m working as a government officer too, not only because I am tired of being a salesman, but I want a stable and reliable job. I don’t think this position will be my final career destination, though! It’s been three months since I joined in the bureau. I’m impressed by the government officers in my bureau, because they are far away from what I thought before. Some of them are really good and responsible people!
Our bureau is a bit different from the others, because we are in charge of all the trades and investments in the city. Local companies have to apply for invitation letters if they want their foreign customers, colleagues, friends, relatives or whoever to come to Shenyang to live or work. And we’re in charge of all the foreign companies in the city. Though we have great power in hand, we use it to get more legal foreign investments and for anything which could be helpful for employment opportunities.
Some small problems still occurred to me after I became a member of the officers. I had no such experience on dealing with them before. For example: A section director asked me to translate a long essay for him. I said yes, but my boss was not happy because he said the director had no right to ask his man to do anything without his permission. I understood, cause he is my boss. I shall not take orders from other people, though their ranks are much higher than mine! So my boss asked me to leave his translation alone and let him to explain to the director. In fact, he forgot to do it, and I was there waiting for the consequence. It came to me pretty soon. The director told the president of my bureau that my English was poor. And don’t forget I just impressed the boss in a negative way. I smiled when I heard this, bitterly. “So what?” I asked myself. It’s no big deal. Danny’s English level has been proved by many foreigners, not only from English-speaking countries. I have, at least, great confidence on my English skills.
This incident made me more mature. Working for the Chinese government is not easy. As long as you’re sophisticated enough, you will definitely stand a batter chance to be promoted. You have to be bad, mean and whatever suitable for the job. I’m outta here, sooner or later. Like my brother told me before: if you work for the government, you’re gonna die soon.
Now I understand what he meant. Oops, being a government officer is not easy; being a good and innocent one is nearly impossible. So are you ready to be a government officer?
[原創(chuàng)]how to "use" english!!!
some people just dont know why after 10 years of learning they
still cant speak like a 10 year old native speaker. the only
reason or difference is that while you are "learning" english,
a native kid is "using" english.
a book just wont get you anywhere, but without a good book,
you cant go far either. so here is my idea, use the language
first, read when there is something you dont understand, but
before you go through this reading process, do ask a native
for help first.
i spent 3 years on this and it definitely worked. i hope
newbies could do like i did, but one thing for sure, you will
never be as good at this as you wanna be, and this feeling will
either get you motivated or bored, if you can manage well, you
will see the big picture.
here is a website where you can meet a lot of native people,
www.facethejury.com , there is a forum which can be accessed
for free if you register, you can chat with native people on
that forum in real time, its much better than having a teacher
right? well, at least i think so.
you know, i avoid the chance to talk with non native speakers,
because i might learn from them, and they might become some
kind of habbit to me, which tells you not to use english with
your own kind, cause if you do it will not do you any good.
mistakes can happen, but make sure they dont come out all the
time, cause if they do your brain will register them and it
will be hard for you to correct later on.
dont you ever think going abroad to learn english is much better
than doing it in your own country and dont forget who you are, because if you forget who you really are, no one else would
remember that for you, and if you think going abroad can learn
the real thing, to some point you are right, but for most of
you, its a big mistake, who told you native speakers can accept
you as their friend when you still need to learn english? if
you cant talk fluently with them they will get bored.
dont argue, if a native spearker says "hey whats up", you just
need to accept the fact that they dont use "hello how are you",
just register that piece in your mind and use it the next time
you see someone you know, "habbitize" yourself. "ima tell you
like dis," grammar rules dont work very well in real conversations
if you see what i mean.
"is" and "are", you dont know how to use them? maybe a native
speaker doesnt know that either but they do know how to use
them in a "right" kind of way. "who you think you is?" does
this one sound right to you? cause it does sound right for a
native. whatever a native says, its right, if you follow,
you will become more like them.
alright, im sick of this long ass sh*t, enough for you to
get my point...(or maybe i need to write more?)
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