關(guān)于小升初英語語法總結(jié)-被動(dòng)語態(tài)
小升初英語語法總結(jié)——被動(dòng)語態(tài)
被動(dòng)語態(tài) be done
時(shí)態(tài) 主動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài) 例句 主動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) do/does Am/is /are done Cats eat fish. Fish are eaten by cats. 一般過去時(shí) did Was/were done He made the kite. The kite was made by him. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am/is are doing Am/is/are being done She is watering flowers. Flowers are being watered by her. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) Was/were doing Was/were beiing done She was writing a letter at this time yesterday. A letter was being written by her at this time yesterday. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has done Have/has been done I have finished the work. The work has been finished by me. 過去完成時(shí) had done Had been done I had finished the work. The work had been finished by me. 一般將來時(shí) Will/shall/be going to do Will/shall/be going to be done They will plant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can/may/must do can/may/must be done I can find him. He can be found by me.
英語語法經(jīng)典例題800例：非謂語動(dòng)詞（例題1）
【導(dǎo)語】英語語法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因?yàn)閺?fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時(shí)難以記憶。為大家整理了英語語法大全，希望對同學(xué)們的英語語法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在。
1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.
A. enter B. to enter
C. entering D. entered
【陷阱】容易誤選A。有的同學(xué)一看到空格前的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could 就斷定此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形 enter。
【分析】其實(shí)正確答案應(yīng)是B。此句為省略句，即在 could 后省略了動(dòng)詞 do，若把句子補(bǔ)完整應(yīng)為Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短語(to enter a good college)是用作目的狀語的，而不是與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(could)一起構(gòu)成謂語。請?jiān)倏搭愃评洌?/p>
(1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他們盡量安慰她。
(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他們盡一切力量拯救她的性命。
(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命學(xué)習(xí)以便趕上他的同學(xué)。
值得指出的是，這也并不是說今后只要遇到類似結(jié)構(gòu)的題就一定選帶to不定式。請看以下試題：
(4) He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.
A. to hope B. hope
C. hoping D. hoped
此題的答案是 C不是A，其中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語 hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴隨狀語。
(5) He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.
A. practise B. to practise
C. practising D. practised
此題答案選 C，這與前面動(dòng)詞 spent 的搭配有關(guān)，即 spend … (in) doing sth。若將此句補(bǔ)充完整，即為 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.
(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could ____D____ his oral English.
A. improve B. to improve
C. improving D. to improving
此題答案選D，注意兩點(diǎn)：一是 devote … to … 是固定搭配，意為“把……貢獻(xiàn)給……”;二是其中的 to 是介詞，不是不定式符號，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞。
2. He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work.
A. doing B. to do
C. being doing D. to be done
【陷阱】容易誤選B，根據(jù) can’t help doing sth 這一結(jié)構(gòu)推出。
【分析】其實(shí)答案應(yīng)選A。比較以下結(jié)構(gòu)：
can’t help to do sth = 不能幫助做某事
can’t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事
又如下面一題，答案也是 B：
She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.
A cleaning B. to clean
C. cleaned D. being cleaned
再請看以下試題：
While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____ into buying something they don’t really need.
A. to persuade B. persuading
C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
此題應(yīng)選C，句中的 can’t help 意為“禁不住”(注意根據(jù)句意用被動(dòng)形式)。
3. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.
A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing
C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題最佳答案為B�，F(xiàn)分析如下：
(1) devote 意為“致力于，獻(xiàn)身于”，主要用 devote…to…或be devoted to，其中的to 是介詞，不是不定式符號，故后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，不用不定式。
(2) 選A錯(cuò)誤：若將 do 改為 doing 則可以。
(3) 選B正確：all her time devoted to doing experiments為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，用作狀語。
(4) 選C錯(cuò)誤：因?yàn)閍ll her time 與 devote 為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)將devoting改為devoted。
(5) 選D錯(cuò)誤：若單獨(dú)看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并沒有錯(cuò)，但問題是逗號前后兩個(gè)簡單句沒有必要的連接方式，所以從整體上看仍不對，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，則可選D，或?qū)將中的is 改為 being也可選它。
英語語法經(jīng)典例題800例：虛擬語氣（例題）
【導(dǎo)語】英語語法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因?yàn)閺?fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時(shí)難以記憶。為大家整理了英語語法大全，希望對同學(xué)們的英語語法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在。
1. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now.
A. will show B. would show
C. am going to show D. am showing
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】正確答案選B。根據(jù)上文的語境可知句中的 or 隱含有一個(gè)虛擬的條件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article(要是我沒忘記我在哪兒讀過這篇文章的話——但事實(shí)上忘了)。
2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _____.”
A. He’d better give up drinking
B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much
C. Health is more important than drink
D. I wonder why he is always doing so
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選，主要是受句中 drunk 一詞的影響。
【分析】最佳答案為D。關(guān)鍵信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虛擬語氣，句子既然用了虛擬語氣，也就是說，“他喝醉了”不是事實(shí)，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此題的最佳答案是D。
3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.”
A. do B. are
C. will D. would
【陷阱】容易誤選A或C。選A者，認(rèn)為前后兩句的動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)應(yīng)一致;選C者，認(rèn)為其后帶有if 條件狀語從句，從語氣上看，主句應(yīng)用將來時(shí)態(tài)。
【分析】此題最佳答案為D。分析如下：
(1) “so + 助動(dòng)詞 + 主語”是一個(gè)很有用的結(jié)構(gòu)，它表示“……也一樣”時(shí)。如：
He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜歡看電視，我也一樣。
When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 當(dāng)動(dòng)植物消失的時(shí)候，人類也會隨之消失。
(2) 由于空格后的 if 條件狀語從句的謂語用的是虛擬語氣(這是很重要的信息)，所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案應(yīng)選D。
英語語法經(jīng)典例題800例：強(qiáng)調(diào)句（例題）
【導(dǎo)語】英語語法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因?yàn)閺?fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時(shí)難以記憶。為大家整理了英語語法大全，希望對同學(xué)們的英語語法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在。
1. ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
A. It was we being late B. It was our being late
C. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late
【陷阱】此題容易誤選D，認(rèn)為強(qiáng)調(diào)的是原因狀語從句 because we were late。
【分析】但實(shí)際上，此題的.答案為B，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子主語 our being late，此題若還原成非強(qiáng)調(diào)句，即為：
Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
注意，強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)是，若去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu) it is [was]… that…，句子仍然成立;換句話說，該結(jié)構(gòu)中的 that 不能充當(dāng)句子成分。
2. “How was ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?” “Totally by chance.”
A. it that B. he that
C. it when D. he which
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均可能誤選。
【分析】答案選A，為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句形式，其相應(yīng)的陳述句形式為：
It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.
比較以下各題，它們也屬強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句形式：
(1) Who was it _____ saved the drowning girl?
A. since B. as C. that D. he
答案選C，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 who，該句實(shí)為類似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 這類強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句形式(即對其中的Tom 提問而得)。
(2) What is it _____ his daughter needs most?
A. what B. which C. that D. if
答案選C，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 what，該句實(shí)為類似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 這類強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句形式(即對其中的a bike 提問而得)。
3. _____ was very ______ that little Jim wrote the letter.
A. It, careful B. It, carefully
C. He, careful D. He, carefully
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選，但最有可能誤選的可能是A，認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)普通的系表結(jié)構(gòu)，即認(rèn)為第二空要填形容詞作表語。
【分析】其實(shí)，此題是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，其非強(qiáng)調(diào)形式為 Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully. 若用 it is … that… 的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式強(qiáng)調(diào)其中的狀語 very carefully 即為上面一題的題干，所以答案應(yīng)選B。請看下面幾例，也屬強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：
(1) It was when she was about to go to bed ______ the telephone rang.
A. since B. as C. that D. then
答案選C，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 when she was about to go to bed 這一時(shí)間狀語從句。
(2) It may have been at Christmas _____ John gave Mary a handbag.
A. before B. who C. that D. when
答案選C，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 at Christmas，其中的動(dòng)詞 be 采用了 may have been 這一較為復(fù)雜的形式。
4. “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?” “It was in the hall ______ the students
often have a meeting.”
A. where B. which
C. that D. when
【陷阱】很可能誤選C，認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語 in the hall。
【分析】假若選C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，該句的意思是“學(xué)生們通常是在
大廳開會”，單獨(dú)看這一句，無論是其意思還是其語法均未錯(cuò)，但若將其與上文聯(lián)系起來看，則不通，因?yàn)樯衔牡囊馑际恰澳闶窃?/p>
哪兒找到昨天作報(bào)告的那位教授的?”假若將答句改為 It was in the hall that I found the professor，則完全可以。
其實(shí)，此題的最佳答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 為定語從句，用以修飾其前的名詞 the hall，句意
為“是在學(xué)生們經(jīng)常開會的那個(gè)大廳(找到教授的)”，這樣語意就通順了。
5. It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me.
A. which B. as
C. what D. that
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題為一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，空格處應(yīng)填 that (即選D)，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 what he meant rather than what he said。句意
為“讓我生氣的不是他說的話，而是他話中的意思”。請?jiān)倏磧衫?/p>
(1) It was his nervousness in the interview ______ probably lost him the job.
A. which B. since C. that D. what
答案選C，為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 his nervousness in the interview，句意為“很可能是面試時(shí)表現(xiàn)出緊張，使他失去
了這份工作”。
(2) It is the ability to do the job ______ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
答案選B，為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 the ability to do the job，句意為“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你來自何地
或你是從事什么工作的”。
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