英語語法倒裝句解析：副詞后的倒裝

　　倒裝是將語句中的主語、謂語、賓語、狀語等顛倒順序的一種語法現(xiàn)象，常常具有強調(diào)語氣，在古漢語文言文和英語語句中比較常見。以下是小編為大家整理的英語語法倒裝句解析：副詞后的倒裝相關(guān)內(nèi)容，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助大家。

　　here 和 there 之后以及諸如 back, down, off, up 等一類的副詞小品詞之后，名詞主語一般置于謂語之后。這類副詞常與諸如 come 和 go 等轉(zhuǎn)移動詞一起連用。如：

　　Here comes a taxi! There goes the last train!

　　有輛出租車來了! 最后一班火車開走了! (注意這里不可用進行時)

　　Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.

　　下雨了，傘都撐了起來。

　　當我們給人東西或確定位置時，這種倒裝常用在be之后(主語往往是復(fù)數(shù))。如：

　　Here’s a cup of tea for you. 給你一杯茶。(給東西)

　　Here’s your letters. 這兒有你的信。(給與或指明)

　　There’s (重讀) Johnny smith. 約翰尼·史密斯在那兒。(確定位置)

　　主語如是代詞則不倒裝。如：

　　Here it comes. 它來了。

　　There she goes. 她走了。

　　Up it went. 它上去了。

　　Here you are. 給你。

　　There she is. 她在那兒。

　　倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)

　　1.下列否定詞及含有否定意義的詞組修飾狀語時，若置于句首，句子的主謂要部分倒裝:

　　never, no, neither, not only, hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, rarely, not until, nowhere, at no time, on no account, in no respect, in no sense, by no means, in no way, no longer, no less, no more, no sooner than, under no circumstances, in vain, still less. 如：

　　Not only is its direct attack on their discipline, it bypasses the essence of what sociologists focus on.

　　Under no circumstances should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of the state.

　　2.以only修飾狀語開頭的句子，句子的主謂要部分倒裝

　　Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.

　　3.以下列副詞或短語開頭的句子，句子的主謂要部分倒裝

　　often, so, well, to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes, to such a point，many a time。如：

　　So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.

　　4.以下列副詞開頭的句子，句子的主謂要全部倒裝

　　(1)出于修辭需要，表示方向的副詞：out, down, in, up, away, on。如：

　　Down jumped the burglar from the tenth floor when he heard someone shouted at him.

　　(2)出于習慣用法：here, there, now, thus, hence, then。如：

　　Now is your turn.?There goes the bell.

　　5.讓步從句的倒裝

　　(1)as引導讓步狀語從句，必須采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但不是主謂倒裝，而是將被強調(diào)的內(nèi)容置于句首。如：

　　Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her, in thoroughness, whatever the job.

　　(2)出現(xiàn)在句型be+主語+其他, come what may中。如：

　　Our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge—be it scientific or artistic.

　　The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.?Come what may, I’ll be on your side.

　　6.比較從句的倒裝

　　as, than引導的比較從句中，如果主語是名詞短語且較長，經(jīng)常采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)(不倒裝也可以)。注意：這種結(jié)構(gòu)主語一般為名詞，如果是代詞則不倒裝。如：

　　Hydrogen burns much more cleanly than do other fuels and is easy to produce.?Reading is to the mind as is exercise to the body.

　　倒裝句之部分倒裝

　　部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需添加助動詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語之前。

　　1)句首為否定或半否定的詞語，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。

　　Never have I seen such a performance.

　　Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.

　　Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

　　當Not until引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。

　　注意： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。

　　I have never seen such a performance.

　　The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.

　　典型例題

　　1)Why can't I smoke here?

　　At no time___ in the meeting-room

　　A. is smoking permittedB.smoking is permitted

　　C. smoking is it permittedD.does smoking permit

　　答案A. 這是一個倒裝問題。當否定詞語置于句首以表示強調(diào)時，其句中的主謂須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 這些否定詞包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本題的正常語序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.

　　2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.

　　A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know

　　答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我們知道為一倒裝句，答案在C，D 中選一個。

　　改寫為正常語序為，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 現(xiàn)在將not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否則意思就變了。

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