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英語語法倒裝句知識(shí)點(diǎn)：關(guān)于否定詞置于句首的倒裝
在現(xiàn)實(shí)學(xué)習(xí)生活中，相信大家一定都接觸過知識(shí)點(diǎn)吧！知識(shí)點(diǎn)就是“讓別人看完能理解”或者“通過練習(xí)我能掌握”的內(nèi)容。哪些才是我們真正需要的知識(shí)點(diǎn)呢？下面是小編整理的英語語法倒裝句知識(shí)點(diǎn)：關(guān)于否定詞置于句首的倒裝，歡迎大家分享。
英語語法倒裝句知識(shí)點(diǎn)：否定詞置于句首的倒裝
請(qǐng)先看一道題：
a. I __________ seen such a good harvest!
b. __________ I seen such a good harvest.
A. have never, Never have B. never have, Have never
C. have never, Have never D. never have, Never have
此題應(yīng)選A。這里考查的是否定詞置于句首，句子用部分倒裝的問題。
一般說來，以下否定詞位于句首，句子要用倒裝(部分倒裝—-用一般問句的形式)：seldom, never, little, few, hardly, not, not until, in vain, in no way, by no means, on no account, no longer 等。如：
Never does he come late.
他從不遲到。
Little did he know that the police were after him.
他一點(diǎn)也不知道警察在找他。
By no means shall I go there again.
我決不會(huì)再去那兒了。
Hardly had he arrived at the station when the train began to leave.
他一到車站，火車就開動(dòng)了。
Few students did they see in the classroom.
他們?cè)诮淌覜]看到幾個(gè)學(xué)生。
Not a word did I ever say to him.
我從未對(duì)他說過一句話。
Not until all the fish in the river died did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.
直到河里的魚全死了，村民們才意識(shí)到污染是多么嚴(yán)重。
英語語法感嘆句知識(shí)點(diǎn)：副詞置于句首的感嘆句
以here, there等副詞開頭的倒裝句可以構(gòu)成感嘆句。如：
There goes the bell! 打鈴了。
Here comes the bus! 公共汽車來了!
Here’s Tom. 湯姆在這里。
There’s Jim. 吉姆在那兒。
There goes the bell. 鈴響了。
There goes the last train. 最后一班火車開走了。
There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墻放著一張書桌。
Pop went the cork! 瓶塞砰的一聲跳了出來!
初中英語定語從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)：關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1.who指人，在從句中做主語
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，�？墒÷�。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主語)
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做賓語)
4. that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom;指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。
在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略。
(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主語)
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做賓語)
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
返回：初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解——定語從句篇
初中英語語法：帶有否定詞的比較句型
樂加樂英語：整理初中英語語法《初中英語語法：帶有否定詞的比較句型》，供大家學(xué)習(xí)、交流。
1.no better than：表示“和……一樣;實(shí)際等于……”，如：
He is no better than a beggar. 他實(shí)際上等于一個(gè)乞丐。
The invalid is no better than he was yesterday. 病人的情況和昨天一樣。
He has no better a say in the matter than I have. 他和我一樣在這件事上沒有發(fā)言權(quán)。
2.not. . . any more than或no more. . . than：表示“同……一樣不”，如：
I could no more do that than you. I could not do that any more than you. 你不能做這件事，我也不能做。
He is not a poet any more than I am a scholar. 我不是一個(gè)學(xué)者，他也不是一個(gè)詩人。
This story is no more interesting than that one. 這個(gè)故事和那個(gè)故事一樣沒有趣味。
He is no more able to read German than I am. 他和我一樣都不懂德語。
3.not so much. . . as：表示“與其……不如……”
He is not so much a writer as a reporter. 他與其說是個(gè)作家，不如說是個(gè)記者。
Your explanation does not so much enlighten us as confuse us.
你的解釋沒有起到啟發(fā)作用，反而把我們弄糊涂了。
Oceans don't so much divide the world as unite it. 與其說海洋分隔了世界，不如說海洋聯(lián)結(jié)了世界。
I don't so much dislike him as hate him. 我與其說不喜歡他，不如說我恨他。
4.nothing like：表示“沒有什么能比得上……”
There is nothing like home. 金窩銀窩，不如自己的草窩。
There is nothing like walking as a means of keeping fit. 沒有比散步來保持健康更好的了。
There is nothing like leather for shoes. 做鞋用皮革再好沒有了。
5.nothing like(或near)as(或so)... as：表示“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不像……那樣”
This novel is nothing near so interesting as that one. 這篇小說遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不及那篇小說有趣。
The book is nothing like as difficult as I expected. 這本書遠(yuǎn)沒有我想像的那么難懂。
His analysis of the poem is nothing like as penetrating as yours. 他對(duì)這首詩的分析遠(yuǎn)沒有你的分析那樣透徹。
6.no less … than：表示“和……一樣”
He is no less active than he used to be. 他和從前一樣活躍。
His mind is no less alert than yours. 他的思路和你的一樣敏捷。
Our soldiers fought with no less daring than skill. 我們的士兵作戰(zhàn)的英勇不亞于他們的戰(zhàn)斗技能。
小升初必備語法：only在句首要倒裝的情況
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
小升初必備語法：以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
英語語法倒裝句講解
倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
1.下列否定詞及含有否定意義的詞組修飾狀語時(shí)，若置于句首，句子的主謂要部分倒裝:never, no, neither, not only, hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, rarely, not until, nowhere, at no time, on no account, in no respect, in no sense, by no means, in no way, no longer, no less, no more, no sooner than, under no circumstances, in vain, still less。如：
Not only is its direct attack on their discipline, it bypasses the essence of what sociologists focus on.
Under no circumstances should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of the state.
2.以only修飾狀語開頭的句子，句子的主謂要部分倒裝
Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.
3.以下列副詞或短語開頭的句子，句子的主謂要部分倒裝
often, so, well, to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes, to such a point，many a time。如：
So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.
4.以下列副詞開頭的句子，句子的主謂要全部倒裝
(1)出于修辭需要，表示方向的副詞：out, down, in, up, away, on。如：
Down jumped the burglar from the tenth floor when he heard someone shouted at him.
(2)出于習(xí)慣用法：here, there, now, thus, hence, then。如：
Now is your turn.?There goes the bell.
5.讓步從句的倒裝
(1)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，必須采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但不是主謂倒裝，而是將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容置于句首。如：
Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her, in thoroughness, whatever the job.
(2)出現(xiàn)在句型be+主語+其他, come what may中。如：
Our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge—be it scientific or artistic.
The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.?Come what may, I’ll be on your side.
6.比較從句的倒裝
as, than引導(dǎo)的比較從句中，如果主語是名詞短語且較長，經(jīng)常采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)(不倒裝也可以)。注意：這種結(jié)構(gòu)主語一般為名詞，如果是代詞則不倒裝。如：
Hydrogen burns much more cleanly than do other fuels and is easy to produce.?Reading is to the mind as is exercise to the body.
英語語法倒裝構(gòu)成
主語和謂語是句子的核心，它們之間有兩種語序
一是主語在謂語之前稱為自然語序（Natural Order）；
二是主語在謂語之后則稱為倒裝語序（Inverted Order）。
而倒裝語序中又有完全倒裝（Full Inversion）和部分倒裝（Partial Inversion）
1.完全倒裝（Full Inversion）：又稱"全部倒裝",是指將句子中的謂語全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。
�、僦^語+主語+……
There be（的各種形式）+主語（+地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間狀語）
例子：
There was a drop in the temperature.溫度下降了
There are birds singing in the tree.鳥兒在樹上唱歌。
�、诟痹~小品詞+謂語動(dòng)詞+名詞主語+……
例子：
Out rushed a young lady.
一位年輕女士沖了出去。
�、圻^去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞+be的各種形式+主語+……
例子：
Scattered on the floor were several books and magazines.幾本書和雜志散落在地板上
2.部分倒裝（Partial Inversion）（又稱半倒裝句）：指將謂語的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞倒裝至主語之前,而謂語動(dòng)詞無變化。如果句中的謂語沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do,does或did，并將其置于主語之前。
作用
英語句子的倒裝一是由于語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要而進(jìn)行的倒裝，二是由于修辭的需要而進(jìn)行的倒裝。
前一種情況,倒裝是必須的，否則就會(huì)出現(xiàn)語法錯(cuò)誤；后一種情況，倒裝是選擇性的，倒裝與否只會(huì)產(chǎn)生表達(dá)效果上的差異。
1.表示強(qiáng)調(diào)
倒裝句最突出、最常見的修辭效果就是強(qiáng)調(diào)，其表現(xiàn)形式如下：
1.only +狀語或狀語從句置于句首，被該狀語修飾的句子用部分倒裝。
例子：
Only in this way can you solve this problem.
只有用這種方法，你才可以解決這個(gè)問題。
Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.
只有當(dāng)他已經(jīng)說出那個(gè)字后才意識(shí)到自己犯了個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。
2. hardly,in no way,little,scarcely,seldom,never,no more,no longer,not,not only,no sooner,not only … (but also),not until… 等具有否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首，句子用部分倒裝。
例子：
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
我剛到家就下起了雨。
Seldom do I go to work by bus.
我很少乘公共汽車上班。
Not until twelve o'clock did she go to bed last night .
她昨晚十二點(diǎn)才上床睡覺。
3. so / such...that結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或such位于句首可以構(gòu)成部分倒裝句,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)so /such和that之間的部分。
例子：
So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.
他的要價(jià)太離譜，令每個(gè)人都瞠目結(jié)舌。
To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out.
她的彩排進(jìn)行得那么長，以致于那兩個(gè)演員都走出去了。
以上各例都用倒裝語序突出了句首成分，其語氣較自然語序強(qiáng)烈，因而具有極佳的修辭效果。
4.here、there、now、then、thus等副詞開頭的句子可構(gòu)成完全倒裝。條件是謂語動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，如arise、be、come、exist、go、follow等。需要注意的是，當(dāng)主語是代詞時(shí)，不能構(gòu)成倒裝。（方位詞在句首，主語是名詞，全部倒裝）
例子：
Here comes our headmaster。我們的校長來了。
Here it is. 在這里。
Here is your key.這是你的鑰匙。
2.承上啟下
1.為了避免句子部分內(nèi)容不必要的重復(fù)，常用"so+be動(dòng)詞（助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）+主語"倒裝句式或"neither/nor + be動(dòng)詞（助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）+主語"的倒裝句式。
其中第一個(gè)句式表示"與前面所述的肯定情況相同"，第二個(gè)句式表示"與前面所述的否定情況相同"。
例子：
A:His brother is（not） a college student; B:so is mine.(neither/nor is mine .)
A:他弟弟（不）是大學(xué)生，B:我弟弟也是。(我弟弟也不是。)
A:He used to have his further study abroad; B:so did I.(neither/nor did I.)
A:他曾去國外深造過。B:我也去過。(我也沒有。)
A:One of my friends can（not） speak three foreign languages; B:so can his wife.(neither/nor can his wife .)
A:我的一個(gè)朋友(不)會(huì)說三門外國語。B:他的妻子也會(huì)。(他的妻子也不會(huì)。)
可以概括成：主語相同不倒裝，主語不同倒裝。
2.倒裝可把前一句說到的人或物，或與前一句有聯(lián)系的人或物在下一句緊接著先說出來，從而使前后兩句在意思上的關(guān)系更加清楚，銜接更加緊密，起到承上啟下的作用。
例子：
They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor,dead. Around his head was a brown snake.
他們破門進(jìn)入她叔叔的臥室，發(fā)現(xiàn)他躺在地板上死了。一條棕褐色的蛇纏在他頭上。
We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are,and paupers we shall remain.
我們確實(shí)不應(yīng)因?yàn)楸环Q作窮光蛋而憤憤不平。我們的確是窮光蛋，而且還會(huì)繼續(xù)是窮光蛋。
3.制造懸念渲染氣氛
在新聞或文學(xué)創(chuàng)作中，有時(shí)為了內(nèi)容的需要，或是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，作者常常運(yùn)用倒裝來制造懸念，渲染氣氛。
如朗費(fèi)羅(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一節(jié)：
Out of the bosom of the Air,
Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,
Over the woodlands brown and bare,
Over the harvest-fields forsaken,
Silent,and soft,and slow,
Descends the snow.
它來自天上。
疊疊烏云抖衣裳，
落在光禿禿的棕色樹林，
和收割過的孤寂田野上。
靜悄悄，不慌張，
綿綿雪花降；
在這一節(jié)詩里，詩人就富有創(chuàng)意地運(yùn)用了倒裝。在前五行中，詩人堆砌了七個(gè)狀語，狀語連續(xù)出現(xiàn)而主語和謂語卻遲遲未露，造成一種懸念效應(yīng)。全節(jié)讀罷，讀者才對(duì)詩歌的主題恍然大悟，因而收到了不同凡響的藝術(shù)效果。
4.平衡結(jié)構(gòu)
英語修辭的一個(gè)重要原則是尾重原則，即把句子最復(fù)雜的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在語言使用中為了避免產(chǎn)生頭重腳輕、結(jié)構(gòu)不平衡的句子，我們常采用倒裝語序。
1. 以作狀語的介詞短語開頭:當(dāng)主語較長或主語所帶修飾語較長時(shí)，為了使句子平衡，常將狀語置于句首，句子用完全倒裝語序。
例子：
1．A. To the coal mine came a company of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
B. A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
一個(gè)連隊(duì)的解放軍戰(zhàn)士來到了那座煤礦，奉司令部之命解救受困的礦工。
2．A. On the ground lay some air conditioners,which are to be shipped to some other cities.
B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground,which are to be shipped to some other cities.
地上放著一些空調(diào)，等著用船運(yùn)到其他城市去。
例句（2）包含一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，B句未倒裝，則從句的先行詞與引導(dǎo)詞which中間被狀語分隔開，不易于理解，而A句倒裝使得先行詞air conditioner與引導(dǎo)詞which的關(guān)系一目了然。
從例句中可看出，采用倒裝語序的A句結(jié)構(gòu)平衡穩(wěn)妥，讀起來自然流暢，而采用自然語序的B句結(jié)構(gòu)零亂，讀起來也別扭。因而，在主語較長時(shí)就應(yīng)采用倒裝語序以取得理想的表達(dá)效果。
2. 以表語開頭的句子：有時(shí)為了把較長的主語放在后面，須將表語和謂語都提到主語前。
例子：
Such would be our home in the future.
我們家就將是這個(gè)樣子。
3. 以副詞here,there開頭的句子，也采用完全倒裝來保持句子平衡。
例子：
Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.
你盼望已久的信在這兒。
5.使描寫生動(dòng)
有時(shí)為了使敘述或描繪更加生動(dòng)形象，增加語言效果，可將表示方向的副詞(如：down,up,out,in,off,on,away等)或擬聲詞(bang,crack等)置于句首，句子采用全部倒裝的語序(主語為人稱代詞的句子除外)。
例子：
Up went the rocket into the air.
嗖地一聲火箭就飛上天了。
Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him.
當(dāng)警察把槍瞄準(zhǔn)那個(gè)罪犯時(shí)，嘭地一下他就從三樓跳了下去。
Boom went the cannon!
轟隆一聲大炮開火了!
Bang came another shot!
砰！又是一聲槍響！
以上句子簡潔明快，生動(dòng)逼真地描述了有關(guān)動(dòng)作，令我們一覽此類倒裝的風(fēng)采。但這種倒裝句的修辭功能在語段中可以體現(xiàn)得更為清楚。
“Stop thief! Stop thief!” There is a magic cry in the sound. The tradesman leaves his counter,... Away they run,pell—mell,helter—skelter,yelling—screaming,...
“Stop thief ! Stop thief !” The cry is taking by a hundred voices,... Away they fly,splashing through the mud,up go the window,out run the people. ( Dickens )
作者在第一段和第二段中分別用副詞away,up和out位于句首引出四個(gè)倒裝句Away they run,Away they fly,up go the window,out run the people。從而制造出一種緊張、急促的氣氛，生動(dòng)地刻畫了一個(gè)緊張、混亂的捉賊場面。
倒裝是英語中一個(gè)重要的修辭手段。倒裝句的使用豐富了我們的語言表達(dá)，了解并掌握倒裝句各種句式的用法，不僅會(huì)提高我們對(duì)英語語言的欣賞能力，對(duì)英語表達(dá)能力的提高也將大有裨益。因此，寫作中適當(dāng)用一些倒裝句式定會(huì)使文章表達(dá)更生動(dòng)、有力。
英語語法之倒裝句
部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句子的謂語沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do， does或did，并將其置于主語之前。
1） 句首為否定或半否定的詞語，如no， not， never， seldom， little， hardly， at no time， in no way， not until 等。例如：
Never have I seen such a performance. 從未見過如此糟糕的表演。
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 無論如何你不會(huì)找到這個(gè)問題的答案的。
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母親一直到孩子入睡后離開房間。
當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。注意： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。例如：
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例題
1） Why cant I smoke here？
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 這是一個(gè)倒裝問題。當(dāng)否定詞語置于句首以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，其句中的主謂須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。這些否定詞包括no， little， hardly， seldom， never， not only， not until等。本題的正常語序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
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