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GRE·94-4考題-(4)
Seven chimpanzees—G, H, K, L, N, P, and Q—are to be
assigned to four observer—Richards, Smith, Torres,
and Yang-with each chimpanzee assigned to exactly one
observer and each observer assigned at most two chim-
panzees. P and Q are juveniles: the other five chim-
panzees are adults. G, H, and P are male: the other
four chimpanzees are female. The following conditions
govern the assignment of the chimpanzees to the observers:
Only male chimpanzees can be assigned to Richards.
At most one chimpanzee can be assigned to Smith.
Whenever a juvenile is assigned to an observer, an
adult chimpanzee of the same sex as the juvenile
must also be assigned to that observer.
Which of the following represents an acceptable assignment of the
chimpanzees to the observers?
Richards Smith Torres Yang
G,P H K,L,Q N
G,P H L,Q K, N
G,P L K,N H, Q
H,L K N,Q G, P
H,P G,K N,Q L
————————————————————————
答案:(B)
讀題:7只黑猩猩,G、H、K、L、N、P、Q,分配給4個(gè)觀察者,R、S、T、Y,每只猩猩都要分配
給一個(gè)人,每個(gè)人最多2只猩猩。
寫條件:
1、R:male (表示只有雄性猩猩才能給R)
2、S≤1 (表示S最多只分配一只猩猩)
3、one juv→one adult(same sex) (表示如果一只未成年的猩猩分配給觀察者,
那么同性的一只成年猩猩必須分配給那個(gè)觀察者)
條件總結(jié):
1、4個(gè)觀察者我們可以看為四組,7個(gè)元素分為四組,那么首先注意數(shù)字分配關(guān)系
題目中有每組最多2只猩猩,則分配關(guān)系為(2、2、2、1)
而條件2告訴我們,S≤1,所以R,T,Y各有2個(gè)元素
2、上面的條件3不涉及具體元素,我們看是否能和被它限制的元素結(jié)合起來。
如果一只未成年的猩猩分配給觀察者,那么同性的一只成年猩猩必須分配給那個(gè)觀察
者,顯然限制是對未成年猩猩而言,題目中有兩個(gè)元素屬于未成年猩猩, P,Q,因此
得到:
P+(G/H中選擇一個(gè))
Q+(K/L/N三者中選擇一個(gè))
題目中一共只有3只雄性猩猩,而條件1告訴我們R中就必須要有兩只雄性猩猩,
因此R中的元素必然為 P+(G/H中選擇一個(gè))
分析到此,整個(gè)題組以完全在你的掌握之中,而我們所用的方法還是我們經(jīng)常講的
Which of the following must be true?
H is assigned to Smith.
K is assigned to Yang
L is assigned to Torres.
P is assigned to Richards.
Q is assigned to Torres.
————————————————————————
答案:(D)
讀題:7只黑猩猩,G、H、K、L、N、P、Q,分配給4個(gè)觀察者,R、S
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