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托福英語語法指南—詞性變化
詞性混淆誤用一直是TOEEL考題中最重要的命題形式。它與“基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)”(本書要點之1)和“平行結(jié)構(gòu)”(本書要點之4)組成TOEEL命題的三大焦點。有關(guān)詞性混淆的試題主要集中在written Expression (16—40題)中,命題范圍包括
。1)并列結(jié)構(gòu)中詞性一致
。2)形容詞與副詞混淆
(3)形容詞與名詞混淆
。4)名詞與動詞混淆
其中,形容詞用錯的題型占此類命題的最大比例。詞性混淆?碱}型及解題要點:
1、并列連詞and but or結(jié)構(gòu)要求詞性統(tǒng)一
全真例題分析
(1) Bigness. Boastful. And strong. Frontiersman Mike Fink was the subject of many folk tales. (93.3)
[答案] A并列連詞and連接三個形容詞,故(A)Bigness應(yīng)改為Big。
。2) The success of a naval ship is determined by its seaworthiness, speedy ,and maneuverability. (92.10)
[答案] D并列連詞and連接三個名詞,而speed是形容詞,故應(yīng)改為speed。
。3) Regulation of public utilities in the United States is carried out by locally state and federal governments. (92.5)
[答案] D并列連詞and連接三個形容詞性質(zhì)的詞,共同修飾后面的中心詞governnenrfs。而locally是副詞,應(yīng)改為local。
。4) In Middle Ages. Books called bestiaries were prepared in an attempt to describe animals, real or imagine, that exemplified human traits. (92.5)
[答案] B并列連詞or前面是形容詞real。之后亦應(yīng)是形容詞imaginary。
2、形容詞錯用為副詞
解題要點形容詞用來修飾說明名詞或名詞性成分的,而副詞則可修飾除名詞以外的所有詞性及句子成分。
全真例題分析
(1) Animal life on Prince Edward island is confined large to ducks. Pheasants. And rabbits (93.5)
[答案]C修飾限定介詞短語to ducks pheasants and rabbits應(yīng)用副詞largely。
。2) The General Sherman tree a giant sequoia in California, has grown to be the world*s largest plant at approximate 272 feet tall.
[答案] D修飾說明數(shù)詞(272)應(yīng)用副詞approximately。
。3) Because its body is supported by water, the blue whale can grow to a size considerable larger than any land mammal alive today. (93.8)
[答案]修飾形容詞短語larger than...應(yīng)用副詞形式considerably。
。4) Once an important port of entry for immigrants to the United States. Island rece