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托福聽(tīng)力反應(yīng)慢該怎么辦
在做托福聽(tīng)力的時(shí)候，我們總是慢半拍，也就是當(dāng)對(duì)方說(shuō)完一句話(huà)之后，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己是懂的，但問(wèn)題是，我們總是慢半拍才懂，這半拍看起來(lái)沒(méi)什么，但是在真正與人交流的時(shí)候，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)人家會(huì)覺(jué)得你怪怪的。這就好像是你跟一個(gè)人求婚的時(shí)候，如果對(duì)方立即就同意的話(huà)，你就會(huì)很高興。但是，如果對(duì)方思考2分鐘再答應(yīng)，你就會(huì)丟失所有的熱情，效果就是這樣的。當(dāng)然，你做托福聽(tīng)力的時(shí)候，走神跟這個(gè)是同樣的問(wèn)題。
這個(gè)問(wèn)題歸結(jié)的點(diǎn)就是在于你的聽(tīng)力反映速度。
這些問(wèn)題都是我們今生以來(lái)首次遇到的，當(dāng)然其實(shí)我們出生的時(shí)候也遇到過(guò)一次，只是那個(gè)時(shí)候我們沒(méi)意識(shí)而已。
那么我們?nèi)绾尉毩?xí)托福聽(tīng)力呢?直接聽(tīng)更快的托福聽(tīng)力材料么?這個(gè)解決方法是對(duì)的，但是也不是這么簡(jiǎn)單的。
本身就托福考試來(lái)說(shuō)，我們最重要解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，是要雙管齊下的，第一是要聽(tīng)更快的材料，適應(yīng)更快的語(yǔ)速;另外一點(diǎn)，我們也要熟悉說(shuō)話(huà)的內(nèi)容，當(dāng)然，這應(yīng)該是聽(tīng)更快的資料之后，順帶的。
這里很多同學(xué)出現(xiàn)的第一個(gè)問(wèn)題，就是總是選用托福聽(tīng)力難度過(guò)低的材料，要么是選用delta，要么是選用老托福的材料，在這里可以斬釘截鐵的說(shuō)，這些材料已經(jīng)完全不適應(yīng)新托福考試的節(jié)奏，相比于新托�？荚囘@只飛快的兔子來(lái)說(shuō)，他們就都是緩慢的烏龜，烏龜戰(zhàn)勝兔子，只是存在于童話(huà)之中，在現(xiàn)實(shí)之中，烏龜就只有一種結(jié)果，就是被兔子秒殺，這就是為什么很多同學(xué)做了很久的老托福聽(tīng)寫(xiě)，但是在真正的新托�？荚�?yán)�，總是束手無(wú)策的原因。
托福聽(tīng)力練習(xí)：樺樹(shù)在夜晚進(jìn)入睡眠
This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber.
Many people remember the colors of the rainbow by the acronym ROY G. BIV.
For red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. Well, the color indigo
just made news.
Indigo gets its name from the plant Indigofera tinctoria and its relatives,
which supply the dye that makes fabric the rich, beautiful color between blue
and violet.
Indigo dye was used around the ancient world in fabrics created from Egypt
to China to Meso and South America. And it's in South America that researchers
recently found the oldest known example of fabrics dyed with indigo.
The artifacts were discovered at Huaca Prieta, a ceremonial mound on the
coast in northern Peru. But their color was initially hidden by the grey tones
that had leached into them from the materials used in the mound itself. But when
a conservator carefully washed the fabric, the true colors reappeared.
"And it was at that point that I realized we probably had indigo and it was
probably the world's oldest indigo."
Jeffrey Splitstoser, an anthropologist at George Washington University.
"Which was really exciting. I hadn't thought I'd be discovering, or we
would be discovering, the world's oldest indigo, when I took on this
project."
The research is in the journal Science Advances.
The dyed fabric is about 6,000 years old.
"In the Middle East there are inscriptions that discuss blue fabrics that
date to about 3100 B.C. These are just texts though. And so we think they're
referring probably to the earliest Old World indigo-blue dyed textiles. So that
would date to about 5,000 years ago, 3100 B.C. And so these are at least 1,000
years older than that. And the earliest known indigo blue textiles were from
Egypt and they date to around 4400 B.P., before present. So these are almost
2,000 years older than those."
Splitstoser says that the discovery means it's likely that the techniques
to dye fabric blue were developed in the Americas before they were developed in
Egypt.
"It really means that we have to look at the ancient Andes as one of the
earliest sources of textile innovations in the world."
許多人記得彩虹的顏色按照首字母排列為ROYGBIV。這些首字母分別代表紅、橙、黃、綠、藍(lán)、靛、紫。而靛色最近有了新的消息。
靛藍(lán)色得名于木藍(lán)以及其相關(guān)植物，這些植物可以提供染料，讓布料變成介于藍(lán)色和紫色之間的一種富貴、美麗的顏色。
靛藍(lán)染料在古代用于對(duì)布料進(jìn)行染色，而這些布料一般產(chǎn)自埃及、中國(guó)、中美洲以及南美洲等地方。最近，研究人員就在南美洲發(fā)現(xiàn)了目前已知最古老的靛藍(lán)染色布料。
人們?cè)谄绽姿z址發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些手工藝品，普雷塔遺址位于秘魯北部海岸，是一個(gè)曾用于舉行儀式的土丘。但是這些手工藝品的顏色最初被灰色基調(diào)所掩蓋，而灰色來(lái)自于土堆本身材料的滲透。但是，當(dāng)一位文物修復(fù)員仔細(xì)清理這些布料后，其真正的顏色重新顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)。
“就在那時(shí)我意識(shí)到，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的可能是是靛藍(lán)色，而且這可能是世界上最古老的靛藍(lán)色�！�
杰弗里·斯皮里特瑟是喬治華盛頓大學(xué)的人類(lèi)學(xué)家。
“這太讓人興奮了。我在做這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的時(shí)候，從來(lái)沒(méi)想過(guò)我或者說(shuō)我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)世界上最古老的靛藍(lán)色�！�
這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》期刊上。
這塊染色布料大約有6000年的歷史。
約公元前3100年，在中東有討論藍(lán)色布料的銘文。雖然這些只是文字材料。不過(guò)，我們認(rèn)為它們指的可能是最古老的靛藍(lán)色紡織品。因此，靛藍(lán)色染料的歷史可追溯到5000年前，即大約公元前3100年。而這些新發(fā)現(xiàn)的染色布料至少要早1000年。此前已知最古老的靛藍(lán)色紡織品來(lái)自于古埃及，距今大約4400年。所以，新發(fā)現(xiàn)的染色布料比那些要早約20xx年。
斯皮里特瑟表示，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，美洲發(fā)明將布料染成藍(lán)色的技術(shù)很可能早于埃及。
“這實(shí)際上意味著，我們必須將古安第斯地區(qū)視為世界上織物創(chuàng)新最早的起源地之一。”
重點(diǎn)講解：
1. take on 承擔(dān)，接受(尤指艱巨工作或重大責(zé)任);
例句：He is ready to take on heavy responsibilities.
他樂(lè)于承擔(dān)重?fù)?dān)。
2. refer to 提到，指的是;
例句：It can refer to an academic subject or a practical skill.
這一詞既可指某一學(xué)科也可指某種技能。
3. at least (數(shù)量)至少，不少于;
例句：Cacao has been cultivated for at least three millennia in Mexico,
Central and South America.
在墨西哥及中南美洲，可可樹(shù)至少已有了三百萬(wàn)年的種植歷史。
20xx托福聽(tīng)力練習(xí)：全球荒野面積減少
Only about 23 percent of the world's land area is still what you'd call
wilderness—where indigenous people, wildlife, plants and microbes get a chance
to live with little or no disturbance from large human populations. But even
that current figure of 23 percent is down by a tenth in just the last couple of
decades. Which translates into an area the size of Alaska being converted away
from wilderness since the 1990s. That's according to a study in the journal
Current Biology that was also announced at the just completed Honolulu meeting
of the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
The research found that the regions that suffered the biggest wilderness
losses were South America and Central Africa. South America lost almost a third
of its wilderness while Africa's is down about 14 percent.
James Watson is the lead author of the study. He's with the Wildlife
Conservation Society and the University of Queensland—he's no relation to the
more famous DNA double helix James Watson.
In the journal article he and his colleagues write: "The continued loss of
wilderness areas is a globally significant problem with largely irreversible
outcomes for both humans and nature: if these trends continue, there could be no
globally significant wilderness areas left in less than a century. Proactively
protecting the world's last wilderness areas is a cost-effective conservation
investment and our best prospect for ensuring that intact ecosystems and
large-scale ecological and evolutionary processes persist for the benefit of
future generations." And future generations includes both the organisms in the
remaining wilderness—and us.
世界上只有23%的土地仍可被稱(chēng)為荒野，在那里，土著、野生動(dòng)物、植物和微生物有機(jī)會(huì)生活在一個(gè)很少或沒(méi)有人干擾的地方。但即使是目前這23%的占比在過(guò)去二十年里也減少了十分之一。上世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái)，相當(dāng)于阿拉斯加大小的荒野面積損失。這是一篇發(fā)表在《當(dāng)代生物學(xué)》期刊上的研究報(bào)告得出的結(jié)論，該研究成果在剛剛結(jié)束的國(guó)際自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟火奴魯魯會(huì)議上宣布。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，荒野損失最嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)是南美洲和中非。南美洲損失了近30%的荒野，而非洲則減少了14%的荒野。
詹姆斯·沃森是這項(xiàng)研究的主要作者。他在野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)和昆士蘭大學(xué)工作，大家可能知道DNA雙螺旋的發(fā)現(xiàn)者詹姆斯·沃森，不過(guò)我們這里提到的并不是同一個(gè)人。
他和他的同事在期刊文獻(xiàn)中寫(xiě)道：“荒野地區(qū)的持續(xù)損失是全球性的重要問(wèn)題，對(duì)人類(lèi)和自然造成的影響在很大程度上是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的：如果這種趨勢(shì)繼續(xù)下去，不出一個(gè)世紀(jì)的時(shí)間，具有全球性重要意義的荒野地區(qū)可能將不復(fù)存在。積極保護(hù)世界上最后的荒野地區(qū)是具有成本效益的重大投資，也是我們確保完整生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的最好前景，同時(shí)讓大規(guī)模的生態(tài)進(jìn)化過(guò)程為后代造福。”這里的后代既包括現(xiàn)存荒野中的生物，也包括我們?nèi)祟?lèi)。
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