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高考必考英語內(nèi)容:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)透視
命題特點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要用來表示說話人的看法、態(tài)度等,它是英語動(dòng)詞中最難把握的一類,也是每年高考必考內(nèi)容。
命題熱點(diǎn):為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法辨析,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示態(tài)度的用法辨析,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測的用法辨析,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在虛擬語氣中的運(yùn)用。
考查形式:主要體現(xiàn)在聽力理解、單項(xiàng)填空和完形填空中。下面就近幾年來高考試題中出現(xiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行歸納分析,以便同學(xué)們復(fù)習(xí)掌握。
典例精析
一、考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法
一些常見情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的非常用意義往往為高考考查的焦點(diǎn),考生須確切理解其含義并根據(jù)句子意思選擇正確的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
例1:“The interest ______be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by
both sides.” declared the judge. (2004重慶)
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
例2:— The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?
— Of course. (2003北京春)
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do
分析:上述兩題均考查 shall的非常用含義,當(dāng)shall用于一、三人稱疑問句中時(shí),表示征求對(duì)方意見;用于二、三人稱陳述句中,表示說話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅等。上述三題答案分別為D、B。
例3:He’s strange -- he ____ sit for hours without saying anything.
A. shall B. will C. can D. must
分析:will用來談習(xí)慣和特性,尤其是不受時(shí)限必然發(fā)生的情況。本句意思為“他很怪,能一坐幾個(gè)小時(shí)一句話也不說”。答案為B。
例4:John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour?(2005全國Ⅲ)
A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need
例5:Tom, you _____leave all your clothes on the floor like this!(2005全國II)
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
分析:must用于疑問句,表示責(zé)備、抱怨的感情色彩,意思為“偏要,硬要、干嘛”;而mustn’t則表示禁止、不允許,是說話人強(qiáng)有力的勸告。故答案分別為A、B。
例6:You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady. (2001上海)
A. might B. need C. should D. would
分析:在某些名詞性從句中,should 表示驚異、意外等情緒,常譯為“竟然”。答案分別為C。如:It seems unfair that this should happen to me. 真不公平,這件事竟然發(fā)生在我身上。
例7:_____it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
A. Should B. Would C. Could D. Must
分析:在條件狀語從句中,should 表示“萬一”,即可表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的假設(shè),又可表示可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的假設(shè)。該句意思為“萬一明天下雨,會(huì)議就延期!贝鸢笧锳。
例8:A left-luggage office is a place where bags ____ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. (2003全國卷)
A. should B. can C. must D. will
例9:The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it ______be very slow. (2005浙江)
A. should B. must C. will D. can
分析:can 表示推測時(shí)常用于疑問和否定句中,用于肯定句中常常表示理論上的可能性,用來表達(dá)事件或情況可能發(fā)生(但并不牽涉到是否真的會(huì)發(fā)生)。故答案分別為B、D。
二、考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測用法
1、對(duì)現(xiàn)在或客觀事實(shí)的推測
對(duì)現(xiàn)在或客觀事實(shí)的肯定推測一般用must, will, should, may(might)或could,語氣依次遞減。
例10:Helen _____go on the trip with us but she isn’t quite sure yet. (2005安徽)
A. shall B. must C. may D. can
例11:—I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
—It ___ Harry’s. He always wears green. (2005廣東)
A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be
例12:That, I think, ____ be all that I want to say.
A. can B. could C. will D. ought to
分析:must的語氣最強(qiáng),譯為“肯定”、“準(zhǔn)是”、“想必是”;should的語氣次之,譯為“很可能”、“應(yīng)該”,指按常理推測;may (might)譯為“也許、大概”,表示把握不大的推斷,后面常跟but。could的語氣最弱,譯為“也許”、“可能”。答案分別為C、D、C。
對(duì)現(xiàn)在或客觀事實(shí)的否定推測,常用cannot譯為“根本不可能”、“想必不會(huì)”,表示推測的語氣非?隙, may not, might not或could not譯為“可能不”、“也許不”,表示推測的語氣不很肯定。
例13:You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture.(2004上海春)
A. must B. shall C. may D. need
例14:--Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
--No, it _______ be him ---I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. (2004全國Ⅰ)
A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not
分析:在例13中,might just as well表示“最好……,還是……為好”,說明喜歡的可能性不大,故用may not。例14,根據(jù)后面的I’m sure可以看出,推測的語氣較強(qiáng),故用can’t譯為“根本不可能”、“想必不會(huì)”,表示驚異、懷疑的感情色彩,常用于否定語氣較強(qiáng)時(shí)。答案分別為C、 A。
對(duì)現(xiàn)在或客觀事實(shí)的疑問推測,往往用can或could,而不用may/might。
例15:Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?(2001上海春)
A. can B. should C. may D. must
分析:對(duì)現(xiàn)在或客觀事實(shí)的疑問推測,往往用can或could,表示驚異、懷疑、困惑、失望等感情色彩。答案為A。
2、對(duì)過去事實(shí)的推測
對(duì)過去已發(fā)生事情的肯定推測常用 “must/may/might +have + v-ed”,“must+ have + v-ed”意思為“想必、準(zhǔn)是、一定是”,語氣非?隙ㄇ抑荒苡糜诳隙ň洌癿ay/might+ have + v-ed” 意思為“也許、或許”表示推測的把握不大,只能用于肯定或否定句,不用于疑問句;對(duì)過去的否定推測常用 “can/could /may’might not + have + v-ed”,意思為“不可能/可能沒做過……”;對(duì)過去的疑問推測只用“can/could + have + v-ed”,意思為“可能已經(jīng)……”。
例16:He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside. (2005北京)
A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
分析:根據(jù)后一分句判斷,前一分句應(yīng)該表示肯定完成了工作,故用“must+ have + v-ed”意思為“想必、準(zhǔn)是、一定是”,語氣非?隙ㄇ抑荒苡糜诳隙ň。答案為B。
例17:My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _____ your lecture.(2000上海)
A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended
分析:must表推測時(shí),不用于否定,needn’t have +v-ed 表示“本來沒有必要”,shouldn’t have +v-ed表示“本來不應(yīng)該”,“can/could not + have + v-ed” 意思為“不可能做過……”。故答案為A。
例18:--Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.
-- Well. He ______ have gone far----his coat’s still here.(2005湖北)
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
分析:can’t have gone far 在此表示現(xiàn)在對(duì)過去所發(fā)生事情的否定推測,意思為“現(xiàn)在不可能走遠(yuǎn)了”;答案為C。
三、考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的虛擬用法
例19:—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
--You________ her last week. (2004福建)
A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told
分析:對(duì)過去發(fā)生事情的責(zé)備或遺憾應(yīng)用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have + v-ed”,據(jù)此可排除答案A、C,而would+have +v-ed常用于過去的虛擬語氣中,should(ought to)+ have + v-ed”表示本應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上沒有做,含有責(zé)備的含義。其否定式表示某種行為不該發(fā)生但卻發(fā)生了。故答案為D。
例20:He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. (2005山東)
A. could B. would C. must D. need
分析:“could+ have + v-ed” 用于肯定句中,表示本來能夠做成某事的但結(jié)果沒能做成,含有遺憾的意味,側(cè)重有能力而沒能做成。該句意思為:“他花錢買了座位,而他本來可以免費(fèi)進(jìn)去的”。答案為A。
例21:You should not have swum in that river. You ____ have been eaten by fish.
A. must B. may C. will D. might
分析:前一分句的should not have swum表示責(zé)備,后一分句則表明有被魚吃掉的可能性。“might+ have + v-ed” 用于肯定句中,表示本來有可能做成某事但結(jié)果沒能做成,含有遺憾的意味,側(cè)重有某種可能性但沒能做成。
例22:—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. (2005福建)
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done
分析:“needn’t+ have + v-ed” 表示本來不必做某事而實(shí)際上做了某事,無批評(píng)責(zé)備之意,只是惋惜而已
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