法律文件中的長句如何翻譯

　　做翻譯，最難處理的莫過于長句。這里所謂的“長句”，不單純就句子的長度而言，而且是指語法結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜、從句和修飾語較多、包含的內(nèi)容層次在一個以上的句子。鑒于法律文件的目的、性質(zhì)和文體特征，其長句出現(xiàn)的頻率遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于其他文字作品，這就給法律翻譯造成了額外負(fù)擔(dān)。因此，可以這樣說，正確理解和翻譯長句，是法律翻譯成敗的要素之一。

　　翻譯長句，首先要從語法分析入手理解句子的完整意思，而后在理解的基礎(chǔ)上將其意思用通順的漢語翻譯出來。以“導(dǎo)論”中0.3節(jié)所給的長句為例，這個句子的主句（the Parties shall promptly consult and decide whether…）前面有一個很長的條件狀語從句（if, after the signing of this Agreement, the Chinese government either at the State, provincial, municipal or local level adopts any new law, regulation, decree or rule, amends or repeals any provision of any law, regulation, decree or rule, or adopts any different interpretation or method of implementation of any law, regulation, decree or rule, which contravenes this Agreement or which materially and adversely affects a Party's economic benefit under this Agreement, then upon written notice thereof from the affected party to the other Party）和時間狀語（then upon written notice thereof from the affected party to the other Party），在條件狀語從句中，又夾帶著一個時間狀語（after the signing of this agreement）和一個定語從句（which contravenes this Agreement or which materially and adversely affects a Party's economic benefit under this Agreement）。主句本身也相當(dāng)復(fù)雜，除了有主語加兩個并立的謂語和賓語的基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)外，兩個謂語動詞未完分別有方式狀語（in accordance with the original provisions thereof as per the relevant provisions of the Contract Law of the People's Republic of China）及目的狀語（in order to preserve each Party's economic benefit under this Agreement）和方式狀語（on a basis no less favourable than the economic benefit it would have received if such law, regulation, decree or rule had not been adopted, amended, repealed or so interpreted of so interpreted or implemented）修飾。就是在后一個方式狀語中，也還有一個作定語的虛擬句（it would have received of such law, regulation, decree or rule had not been adopted, amended, repealed or so interpreted or implemented）�？v觀整個句子，內(nèi)有主句又有從句，修飾語套修飾語，一個接一個疊加，一環(huán)扣一環(huán)相連，構(gòu)成了復(fù)雜的修飾和被修飾關(guān)系。只有弄清楚句子里各個成分之間的相互關(guān)系，才有可能理解句子的完整意思。

　　由于這個句子內(nèi)部存在著復(fù)雜關(guān)系，要準(zhǔn)確、通順地譯出原句的完事意思并不是一件容易的事情。比較英語和漢語這兩種語言的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，英語可以憑借關(guān)聯(lián)詞形成很長的句子，而漢語卻沒有諸如關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞之類的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，因而也就不可能產(chǎn)生結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的長句。英語復(fù)合句，各個成分之間都有適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞加以連接，以表明它們之間的邏輯關(guān)系，這就使得句子各個成分的設(shè)置有較大的靈活性。漢語句子一般是按時間順序和中國人的邏輯思維順序編排的，即使不使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞，也能構(gòu)成完整的意思。翻譯長句，要按漢語的表達(dá)方式處理英語句子里錯綜復(fù)雜的關(guān)系。處理方法大致可歸納為兩種：一種是基本上按英語原句的結(jié)構(gòu)順序翻譯，另一種是按漢語的時間順序和邏輯順序翻譯。本章將著重分析第一種翻譯方法。

　　按原句的結(jié)構(gòu)順序翻譯

　�。╝）Each of the Shareholders shall exercise all voting rights and other powers of control available to it in relation to the Company so as to procure （so far as it is able by the exercise of such rights and powers） that at all times during the term of this Agreement, the provisions concerning the structure and organisation of the Company, and the regulation of its affairs set out in this Agreement, are duly observed and given full force and effect, and all actions reserved and given full force and effect, and all actions required of the Shareholders under this Agreement are carried out in a timely manner, and in particular （but not in derogation of the generality of the foregoing）, that any meeting

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