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殘疾人奧運(yùn)會(huì)的歷史和發(fā)展情況
In 1948, Sir Ludwig Guttmann organized a sports competition involving World War II veterans with a spinal cord injury in Stoke Mandeville, England. Four years later, competitors from the Netherlands joined the games and an international movement was born. Olympic style games for athletes with a disability were organized for the first time in Rome in 1960, now called Paralympics. In Toronto in 1976, other disability groups were added and the idea of merging together different disability groups for international sport competitions was born. In the same year, the first Paralympic Winter Games took place in Sweden.Today, the Paralympics are elite sport events for athletes from six different disability groups. They emphasize, however, the participants' athletic achievements rather than their disability. The movement has grown dramatically since its first days. The number of athletes participating in Summer Paralympic Games has increased from 400 athletes from 23 countries in Rome in 1960 to 3806 athletes from 136 countries in Athens in 2004.
The Paralympic Games have always been held in the same year as the Olympic Games. Since the Seoul 1988 Paralympic Games and the Albertville 1992 Winter Paralympic Games they have also taken place at the same venues as the Olympics. On 19 June 2001, an agreement was signed between IOC and IPC securing this practice for the future. From the 2012 bid process onwards, the host city chosen to host the Olympic Games will be obliged to also host the Paralympics.
大意：殘疾人體育運(yùn)動(dòng)可追溯到第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,歐洲戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上致殘的士兵自發(fā)組織起來(lái)進(jìn)行的康復(fù)活動(dòng),這便是現(xiàn)代殘疾人體育運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)展的雛形。1948年英國(guó)斯托克·曼德維爾國(guó)立脊髓損傷中心舉辦了殘疾人體育比賽,當(dāng)時(shí)只有16名坐在輪椅上的傷殘士兵參加,該運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)每年舉行一次,規(guī)模逐漸擴(kuò)大到其它國(guó)家，1952年起變成國(guó)際性體育活動(dòng)。
1960年，意大利首次舉辦世界殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，來(lái)自歐美23個(gè)國(guó)家的400多名運(yùn)動(dòng)員聚集羅馬同場(chǎng)競(jìng)技。1976年，國(guó)際殘疾人組織決定，斯托克·曼德維爾運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)與世界殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)合并，在加拿大的多倫多舉辦了第一屆國(guó)際傷殘人奧運(yùn)會(huì)，來(lái)自40個(gè)國(guó)家的1000多名殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)員參加。
1983年5月，國(guó)際奧委會(huì)決定從1984年夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)起,首次設(shè)立殘疾人比賽項(xiàng)目；1988年起,冬季和夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)的殘疾人比賽項(xiàng)目被列為永久性項(xiàng)目；申辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)的城市,必須同時(shí)申辦殘奧會(huì)；奧運(yùn)會(huì)后一個(gè)月內(nèi)，在奧運(yùn)
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