都江堰的導(dǎo)游詞
作為一位杰出的導(dǎo)游,總不可避免地需要編寫導(dǎo)游詞,借助導(dǎo)游詞可以更好地宣傳景點,引導(dǎo)游客觀光游覽。導(dǎo)游詞要怎么寫呢?下面是小編為大家收集的都江堰的導(dǎo)游詞,僅供參考,大家一起來看看吧。
都江堰的導(dǎo)游詞1
各位朋友大家好!都江堰被譽(yù)為“世界水利文化的鼻祖”,是全國著名的旅游勝地。今天,就由小夢來陪大家一起暢游都江堰,了解水利工程,祝大家吃好喝好玩好睡好。
都江堰位于四川省成都市都江堰市灌口鎮(zhèn),是中國建設(shè)于古代并使用至今的大型水利工程。都江堰是由齊國蜀郡太守李冰及其子率眾于公元265年左右修建的,是全世界迄今為止,年代最久、唯一留存、以無壩引水為特征的宏大水利工程。大家都知道二郎神吧,二郎神便是李冰的兒子,由于李冰無子,傳說而來。為紀(jì)念父子倆,修建了我們旁邊的這座二王廟,也是觀看都江堰最好的觀景點。今天,我們來一個逆向思維——倒著走。都江堰主要分為三個部分,魚嘴、飛沙堰和寶瓶口,今天,我們先從魚嘴看起。
魚嘴分水堤又稱“魚嘴”,因其形狀像一張鱷魚的嘴巴而得名,昂頭于岷江江心,將岷江分為內(nèi)外兩江,東邊的內(nèi)江用于灌溉農(nóng)田,西邊的外江則用于排洪。魚嘴主要起到兩個作用:四六分水,二八分沙。二八分沙是指沉淀在河床上的泥沙經(jīng)過魚嘴上的一顆顆排列整齊的小石頭,而使其外江的沙占八成,內(nèi)江的沙占二成。這樣,灌溉農(nóng)田的水就會十分清澈,因為大多數(shù)泥沙已被外江排走。四六分水則根據(jù)季節(jié)的變化而變化,大家請看旁邊的幾個小島,冬春季江水較枯,水流經(jīng)幾個小島而繞成“S”型,使其主流直沖內(nèi)江,內(nèi)江進(jìn)水量約6成,外江進(jìn)水量約4成;而夏季雨水增多,水位上漲,洶涌的水勢不再受小島所影響,主流直沖外江,內(nèi)、外江江水的比例便會自動顛倒:內(nèi)江進(jìn)水量約4成,外江進(jìn)水量約6成。就是這樣的“魚嘴”,保證了當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣裨诳菟诘霓r(nóng)田用水以及人民生活用水,又在洪水期防范了洪水泛濫的發(fā)生,真是功不可沒。當(dāng)然,沒有幾個小島和百丈堤、榪槎、金剛堤的協(xié)助,“魚嘴”也不可能完美地完成任務(wù),這也告訴我們,在生活中,我們也需要朋友的互幫互助。
現(xiàn)在我們奔向下一站——飛沙堰溢洪道。飛沙堰具有瀉洪、排沙和調(diào)節(jié)水量的顯著功能,主要在洪水期將寶瓶口多余的內(nèi)江水排到外江,如果遇到特大洪水,它還會自行潰堤,讓江水流入泄洪道,使大量江水回歸岷江正流,以保證成都百姓不受洪水災(zāi)害。它的第二大功能就是排沙,當(dāng)江水疾馳而來,會由于離心力作用形成漩渦,將泥沙或沖上岸,或帶入泄洪道,把多余的泥沙排入外江去。古時飛沙堰,是用竹籠卵石堆砌的臨時工程;如今已改用混凝土澆鑄,以保一勞永逸的功效。
下面就是我們的最后一站——寶瓶口。寶瓶口因形像花瓶而得名,起"節(jié)制閘"作用,能自動控制內(nèi)江進(jìn)水量,是湔山伸向岷江的`長脊上鑿開的一個口子,它是人工鑿成控制內(nèi)江進(jìn)水的咽喉。寶瓶口的水會被一分為二,二分為四,四分為八……以此來灌溉平原,送到每一家每一戶去。換句話說,若是寶瓶口被堵上了,那么60%的成都人就沒有水喝。所以寶瓶口和飛沙堰還真是一對“幫人排憂解難”的好兄弟。
都江堰是由三個主要的水利工程組成,如果把都江堰想象成一條魚,那么“魚嘴”處就是魚的頭,飛沙堰就是魚的身子,而寶瓶口,則是魚的尾巴。都,成都;江,岷江;堰,堤壩。這就是都江堰名字的由來,希望大家記住這個“水利工程的鼻祖”哦。
不知道大家玩得開不開心呢。經(jīng)過一番游玩,大家的肚子都“咕咕”叫了吧,現(xiàn)在我們就向食物大軍進(jìn)發(fā)!
都江堰導(dǎo)游詞 篇聞名的古代水利工程都江堰,位于四川都江堰市城西,古時屬都安縣境而名為都安堰,宋元后稱都江被譽(yù)為“獨奇千古”的“鎮(zhèn)川之寶” 。兩千年前,李冰父子面臨桀驁不馴的岷江水,火攻玉壘化為離堆。魚嘴堤分水、飛沙堰溢洪、寶瓶口引水,將逢雨必澇的西蜀平原,化作了水旱從人,不知饑饉的天府之國。這項工程直到本日還在施展著浸染,被稱為“活的水利博物館”。是全天下至今為止年月最久、獨一留存、以無壩引水為特性的宏洪流利工程。
一千八百多年前,玄門首創(chuàng)人張陵看中了青城山的碧綠寂靜,抉擇在此修煉道法。青城山的香火愈來愈盛,但道家建筑的觀宇與亭閣始終深藏于密林之間,與附近的山林巖泉融為一體。
奇異的地理前提和生態(tài)情形培育了離堆鎖峽、金堤夕照、雄關(guān)古道、玉壘仙都、寒潭伏龍、笮橋飛虹、玉女仙姿、岷山曉雪、寶瓶春曉等天然景觀,與二王廟、伏龍觀、安瀾索橋、城隍廟等古代構(gòu)筑交相輝映,形成了山、水、城、林、堰、橋融為一體的奇異風(fēng)物,成為天然與文化、人類與情形、水利工程與山川風(fēng)物調(diào)和融合、天人合一的千古異景。具有極強(qiáng)的撫玩性、生態(tài)性、特色性。
都江堰的導(dǎo)游詞2
都江堰茶溪谷位于都江堰市向峨鄉(xiāng)石碑村,處于成都市1小時經(jīng)濟(jì)圈內(nèi),距都江堰城區(qū)6公里,占地1200畝。獨特的區(qū)位 優(yōu)勢,使之成為休閑農(nóng)業(yè)與鄉(xiāng)村旅游相互承接的典范。是一家集體驗、觀光、度假、教育于一體的——茶鄉(xiāng)圣地。充分彰顯鄉(xiāng)村風(fēng)情與歷史文化的和諧統(tǒng)一。
茶溪谷是現(xiàn)代快節(jié)奏生活之外的一塊凈地,讓您當(dāng)起快樂的'農(nóng)夫、自主的場主。這里是您生態(tài)的盛宴、親子的樂園 、夢想的田園、養(yǎng)生的圣殿、有機(jī)的菜園等。
家庭農(nóng)場、戶外運動、品茗休閑、科普教育等是其獨特的亮點。茶餐飲、農(nóng)家菜、農(nóng)夫超市、自助燒烤等讓您快樂 、時尚、愜意。具備日接待上千人的優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)團(tuán)隊。在翠綠的樹林、潺潺的山溪水旁,當(dāng)?shù)刂、做農(nóng)夫的快樂。在山村里自然的勞動、運動,享受親情,加密友情、收獲愛情走進(jìn)茶溪谷,追尋 歷史的腳印。體驗新農(nóng)村生活,忘情于山水,融入于自然,自由穿行,釋放自我。
都江堰的導(dǎo)游詞3
歡迎各位來到都江堰市游覽。現(xiàn)在我們的車正經(jīng)過寬敞平直的幸福大道轉(zhuǎn)上玉壘山公路,去參觀聞名中外的都江堰景區(qū)。
大家從成都來,都看到沿途縱橫交錯的河渠,奔涌著盈盈清水,流淌進(jìn)遠(yuǎn)近碧綠的田疇,那就是都江古堰的灌渠。兩千多年以來,古堰把滔滔東瀉的岷江水引到廣袤的成都平原,造就出“天府之國”的富饒和美麗。
在此以前,由于成都平原的地勢是西北高,東南低,從高山連綿的松茂峽谷中洶涌而下的浩蕩岷江,一到漲水季節(jié),總是順地勢四下漫流,常常給平原生息的遠(yuǎn)古生靈帶來可怕的洪澇災(zāi)難。后來經(jīng)過距今大約三千年前的鱉靈治水,才使這片土地初步得到平安。鱉靈的巨大功績,使蜀王杜宇把王位讓給了他,成為開明王朝的第一位蜀王。
而真正把岷江引進(jìn)平原,締造了“益州天府”的大功臣,則是公元前三世紀(jì)的蜀郡太守李冰。是他帶領(lǐng)人民群眾建造了舉世無雙的都江堰工程,非?茖W(xué)地實現(xiàn)了導(dǎo)江、防洪、引流灌溉的一系列功效。其后,由于都江堰水利受到歷代統(tǒng)治者的重視,設(shè)置專門的官員管理,前后有不少為政高明的管理者,又在管理和維護(hù)中不斷地將積累的經(jīng)驗變成規(guī)范性的典章制度,使都江堰歷經(jīng)兩千多年一直發(fā)揮著巨大的水利功能。因此,說都江堰是孕育出四川天府的第一奇功,閃射出中華民族智慧之光的典范,是毫不夸張的。新中國成立以來,都江堰可說是古堰逢春,灌溉面積已由建國時的200萬畝擴(kuò)展到1000多萬畝。都江堰能有此千古長效的偉大功能的奧秘所在。
我想這也是各位今天游覽的目的吧!現(xiàn)在,我們走上了景區(qū)公路,沿途森林夾道,空氣清新,使大家的旅游有了更好的心情。我們從觀景樓往下游覽。
都江堰鳥瞰
站在樓臺的敞廊上遠(yuǎn)看都江堰的水利工程,可以看見岷江從山里滾滾而來,在拐彎處被一條像魚頭的長壩一分為二,堤壩這邊的江水順玉壘山腳流到一座孤立的山頭前,堤坎矮下去了,而水流都靠著山這邊走向遠(yuǎn)方,這就是都江堰的渠首工程。長堤的頭部叫魚咀,堤尾矮下去那段叫飛沙堰,孤立的山頭和玉壘山之間的水道叫寶瓶口。魚咀、飛沙堰、寶瓶口是都江堰的三大主體工程,魚咀用于分水,讓灌溉的水進(jìn)內(nèi)江,多余的水走外江;飛沙堰用于溢洪排沙;寶瓶口用于引流入渠。就是這三部份工程的巧妙配合,奠定了都江堰千古長存的“不壞金身”。今天我們看起來,它們是那樣的簡單。甚至覺得平凡。其實正印證了—句“偉大出于平凡”的格言。都江堰渠首工程蘊涵著極大的科學(xué)性,其設(shè)計和建造所體現(xiàn)的認(rèn)識自然和利用自然的水平之高,即使是二千多年后的今天,仍然可以稱之為最高水平的成就。等一會我們到了現(xiàn)場再作詳細(xì)介紹。指物說理,可能比較容易說明白一些,F(xiàn)在我們?nèi)タ炊鯊R。
二王廟
二王廟座落于玉壘山麓,是紀(jì)念都江堰修建者李冰父子的廟宇。這座廟宇原是紀(jì)念蜀王杜宇的“望帝祠”;南北朝時遷“望帝祠”于郫縣后,為表達(dá)對李冰父子功德的崇敬之意,后來這里就被更名為“崇德廟”;宋朝,由于李冰父子相繼被救封為王,便改崇德廟為“王廟”;到了清代,才正式定名為“二王廟”。
二王廟的建筑有五大特點:一是占地少,僅10072平方米;二是建筑密度高,達(dá)到60%;三是不強(qiáng)調(diào)中軸對稱,這與大多數(shù)中國古建筑的基本特點相悖;四是上下高差大,有63米;五是規(guī)模宏大,布局嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),令人賞心悅目,這五大建筑特點我們將邊參觀邊體味。
我們從二王廟的后山往下走,經(jīng)過存放商代古木和供奉元朝地方官吉當(dāng)普的亭閣。穿過有兩株“仙人松”的庭院,就到達(dá)廟宇的文物陳列室。在這里有我國兩位著名畫師的真跡鐫刻在石碑上,他們的名字可謂是家喻戶曉,要問是哪兩位?其實不用我在這里多說,大家一看畫就知道了,這仕女圖是張大千先生畫的,這奔馬自是徐悲鴻的杰作。大家再看左邊的這個碑,誰能認(rèn)出這是什么字? ——這本來也不是字,是用來降魔鎮(zhèn)妖的道符,也難怪大家和我一樣“一字不識”。
與陳列室平行是二王廟后殿,現(xiàn)在塑的是李冰夫婦的神像。由于李冰父子的豐功偉績,后人早已將他們神化了。我們在二王廟中參觀,自然知道二王是指李冰父子,但我們卻見不到李冰兒子李二郎的塑像!岸伞笔巧裨捴信c李冰關(guān)系最密切的一人。這個角色的出現(xiàn),把李冰神話的故事情節(jié)又推進(jìn)一個新階段。但史書從未介紹過李冰兒子,所以李二郎只不過是個傳說中的人物。我們都有自己崇拜的偶像,有人崇拜,有人崇拜拿破侖,有人則祟拜劉德華,當(dāng)時的人卻非常崇拜李冰。偶像又都應(yīng)該是完美的,李冰沒有兒子,在封建時代有這么一句話“不孝有三,無后為大”,李冰倍受蜀人尊敬和崇拜,自然人們都希望他有一個英雄的兒子,能替他傳宗接代,李二郎這個人物也就由此而產(chǎn)生了。
李二郎這個人物的原型可能是跟隨李冰一起治水的年青人。李二郎代表的不是真有這個人,也不僅是治水的年青人。而是代表了所有和李冰一起治水的堰工的形象。
大殿就是李冰殿。大家知道,戰(zhàn)國時期是一個產(chǎn)生杰出人物的時代。比如墨家墨子,法家的韓非子,儒家的孟子等等。李冰也是這個時代的杰出人物,諸子百家也應(yīng)有水利家的一席之地。李冰是一名政治家,更是一名杰出的水利科學(xué)家。
李冰是先秦時期的蜀郡守,相當(dāng)于現(xiàn)在四川省省長的職位,但蜀郡當(dāng)時所管轄的'區(qū)域比現(xiàn)在的四川要小。李冰一方面因為一心為民辦實事,多才能干,治蜀有方,受到秦王的信任;另一方面,他信任群眾,依靠群眾,用比較現(xiàn)代的話來說,便是“走群眾路線”,所以得到廣大人民群眾的擁護(hù)和愛戴。只有處理好對上和對下的關(guān)系,他才能任職四十年,辦了許多實事造福于民,所以承認(rèn)李冰是一位偉大水利專家的同時,我們必須得承認(rèn),他也是一位杰出的政治家。在這尊塑像中,李冰儒雅仁厚、勤于政務(wù)的風(fēng)貌得到了淋漓盡致的展示。
李冰殿是一座四合院式建筑,殿的對面是戲樓。戲樓顧名思義就是唱戲的地方,不過這戲不是唱給凡人看的,而是唱給已被供奉為川主神的李冰看的。每年的農(nóng)歷六月二十四這天,是二王廟廟會,明清時代,每到這一天,這里都要唱戲,人們趕廟會敬神、祈福、看戲,甚為熱鬧。1992年后,趕廟會的風(fēng)俗又重新恢復(fù)。
這座塔是“字庫”,燒紙錢的地方。農(nóng)歷六月二十四廟會的這一天,這里總是熱鬧非凡,人們會把紙、錢一些歌頌或贊揚李冰的字、畫從底層塞入燃燒,塔心中空,青煙直上,塔尖有兩只蛤蟆,大家看清楚了沒有?煙就從蛤蟆嘴中沖出,直上云霄,這樣天上的李冰就可以知道人們對他的評價了。從戲臺下面走出大門,一條高陡的石階梯,把廟宇顯得巍峨聳高,返身上看,這隸書“二王廟”匾額,為民國三十年(公元1941年)馮玉祥將軍來都江堰時寫的,在這里拍照較有紀(jì)念意義。
再往下走,林蔭深深的階梯旁,摩崖雕刻著歷代積累的都江堰維修治理的經(jīng)驗總結(jié),字句精煉,涵義準(zhǔn)確,很有科學(xué)價值。比如:這是歲修都江堰的“六字訣”——深淘灘、低作堰!暗妥餮摺笔钦f飛沙堰不能加高,這“深淘灘”的“灘”指的是鳳棲窩(也就是飛沙堰對面淤起的淺灘)的一段河床,在每年枯水季年節(jié)歲修清淤時,要深淘。深到什么程度呢?最早水下埋的是三個石人馬,以前以漲水不過肩部,水枯時不低于人的足部為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),F(xiàn)今淘灘,以看到四根臥鐵為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),這四根臥鐵分別是明、清和民國時期以及解放后的九十年代埋下的,只要看見四根臥鐵就行了,淘得過深,寶瓶口進(jìn)水量偏大,會造成澇災(zāi);淘得過淺,水量不足,難以灌溉。
這邊的“遇灣截角,逢正抽心”稱為八字格言,是治理岷江和解決灌區(qū)輸水及疏通排洪河道的方法,也可以說是一切治理疏浚河道的通則!坝鰹辰亟恰敝笟q修時遇河流彎道,在凸岸截去銳角,減緩沖勢,使其順直一些,減輕主流對河岸的沖刷,“逢正抽心”就是遇到順直的河段或河道叉溝很多時,應(yīng)當(dāng)把河床中間部位淘深一些,達(dá)到主流集中的目的,使江水“安流順軌”,避免泛流毀岸、淹毀農(nóng)田。石刻的經(jīng)驗還有很多,有的我們在游覽中再作解釋。
前面這小樓叫“樂樓”,是清代典型的仿道教建筑,每逢清明節(jié)放水,要舉行隆重的“放水典禮”,成都的大官員來時,這里就奏樂迎接。樂樓的雕塑和裝飾非常精美,通過諧音、會意或直書其字等方法,反映了道教中講究清靜無為的修煉和吉祥如意、健體長生,羽化登仙等題材。色調(diào)上給人以親切、明快、素雅、安祥之感。樂樓左、右兩邊分別塑的是漢代的文翁和三國時期的諸葛亮。他們都是發(fā)展和保護(hù)都江堰水利工程的功臣。文翁穿湔江以灌田,諸葛亮派馬超率一千二百名士兵保護(hù)都江堰。
安瀾橋
走出二王廟,看到的就是都江堰,也就是岷江的內(nèi)江,架在江上的鐵索橋,就是著名的安瀾橋。請大家隨我過橋去魚咀參觀。
安瀾橋是我國著名的五大古橋之一,全長320米。最早稱繩橋或竹藤橋,這與它修建的材料有關(guān)。到了宋代,改稱“評事橋”,明朝末年毀于戰(zhàn)火。清嘉慶八年(1803),何先德夫婦倡議修建竹索橋,以木板為橋面,旁設(shè)扶欄,兩岸行人可安渡狂瀾,故更名“安瀾橋”;民間為紀(jì)念何氏夫婦,又稱之為“夫妻橋”。它是溝通內(nèi)、外江兩岸的交通要道。
橋的原址本來在魚嘴處,1974年因興建外江水閘,經(jīng)國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn),將索橋下移了—百多米,改用鋼索建造。索橋是我國古代人民為征服高山峽谷,急流險灘,利用本地竹木資源創(chuàng)建的懸空過渡橋梁形式之一,是世界索橋建筑的典范。現(xiàn)在就讓我們一起走過這晃晃悠悠的橋,去體味如履簿冰的感覺吧,過索橋可是游都江堰最有樂趣的項目之一呵!
魚咀
大家已經(jīng)知道,魚咀是都江堰工程的主體部分。站在魚咀的壩口,看岷江迎面而來,經(jīng)魚咀一隔分為兩股,即外江和內(nèi)江。魚咀就是分水堤的頭,為什么要修在這里呢?起多大作用呢?這就要回到二王廟石崖上刻的“分四六、平潦旱”的兩句話上了。
魚咀主要起分水作用。李冰修建魚嘴,因地制宜,充分利用了韓家壩的穩(wěn)固性和分水作用,并在此基礎(chǔ)上加工而成,事半功倍,用形似魚嘴的堤壩,把岷江水一分為二,分為內(nèi)江和外江。由于這段河道的河床外高內(nèi)低,再加上正有一個彎道,所以魚咀分水后在春耕季節(jié)江水流量較小時,主流就有約六成的水進(jìn)入內(nèi)江,首先保證了成都平原的農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水。洪水季節(jié),流量急增,水位大幅度提高,水勢受河床彎道的制約明顯減少,再由于外江一側(cè)江面較寬,內(nèi)江—側(cè)江面較窄,內(nèi)江的流量會自動低于外江,進(jìn)水約四成,這樣又在很大程度上解決了成都平原的防洪難題。這種功用便是都江堰三字經(jīng)中所說的“分四六、平潦旱”。
魚嘴還具有一定的排沙排石功能;岷江是長江最大的支流之—,它發(fā)源于我省松潘縣境內(nèi),全長760公里,源頭至此約340公里,基本上算中上游,每年大量的沙石順流而下,根據(jù)彎道環(huán)流原理,江水在彎道產(chǎn)生的漩流,會將下層的沙石卷到水流上層,大部分便自動被帶入外江一邊而不進(jìn)內(nèi)江。魚嘴正處于“正面取水”“側(cè)面排沙”的理想位置。80%的沙石從這里排走,大大減少了內(nèi)江淤塞之害。
現(xiàn)在的魚咀已是鋼筋混凝土建筑,在從前它可是土石做基,用卵石竹籠護(hù)堤。就是用川西盛產(chǎn)的竹子編成長長的竹籠橫置壩邊,里邊塞滿河邊沖積的卵石,一籠接一籠,一層接一層,造成了堅固耐沖又不積水的堤壩。就地取材,方法簡易而效果極好。
緊接魚咀的這道長堤叫金剛堤,每年內(nèi)江淘河起來的泥沙就用來堆積加固堤壩,既保證內(nèi)江護(hù)岸,又解決了泥沙的出路,這就是歲修“三字經(jīng)”上說的“挖河沙,堆堤岸”。
飛沙堰
金剛堤盡頭處成了一個斜坡,然后是一道矮壩,這就是飛沙堰了。
飛沙堰,是都江堰水利工程的第二個主體工程,這堰修在離堆之側(cè),是一道低壩,堰頂距河床僅2.15米。它的主要功能是為內(nèi)江泄洪排沙。從魚嘴分進(jìn)的內(nèi)江水,被離堆一頂,自然旋流起來,每當(dāng)夏秋之季水流量大于寶瓶口的可流量時,寶瓶口不能通過的水,主要從飛沙堰泄出,而且旋流所泛起的泥沙也就從飛沙堰一齊流出去。“飛沙”二字的意思就在于不僅溢洪還能排沙。
測量資料表明,內(nèi)江流量越大,飛沙堰的泄洪能力越強(qiáng)。特大洪水時,從魚嘴分進(jìn)內(nèi)江總干渠的流量可達(dá)寶瓶口流量的四倍。75%的內(nèi)江水可從這里泄出。當(dāng)枯水季節(jié),水位低于飛沙堰時,它便成了一道天然節(jié)制閘,自動失去了泄洪功能,保證了成都平原的灌溉。資料還表明,在飛沙堰第二次利用彎道流體力學(xué)原理,排走江水含沙量的約15%。魚嘴已排沙80%,流向成都平原的水流含沙量就只占5%左右了。
寶瓶口
寶瓶口是都江堰系統(tǒng)工程的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。寶瓶口是內(nèi)江水進(jìn)入成都平原的咽喉,猶如瓶口一樣,嚴(yán)格控制著江水進(jìn)人成都平原的流量,當(dāng)寶瓶口的進(jìn)水量飽和(約700立方米/秒)后,無論岷江發(fā)生多大的洪水,寶瓶口也拒之“口”外,概不容納。這種穩(wěn)定的進(jìn)水量,對成都平原的農(nóng)業(yè)、灌溉、防洪、運輸?shù)榷籍a(chǎn)生了特大效益。
寶瓶口旁的這小山叫離堆。
選擇在寶瓶口位置開鑿離堆是極其科學(xué)的。它使內(nèi)江水經(jīng)過一段流程后水勢便于控制,水質(zhì)進(jìn)一步澄清,然后被迎面獨立的離堆頂托江水,創(chuàng)造了飛沙堰泄洪排沙的功能和寶瓶口的瓶頸效用。保證了成都平原的防洪和灌溉。所以說,在寶瓶口位置開鑿離堆,決定了整個渠首工程的布局。兩千多年前的李冰能利用岷江和玉壘山的山形水勢,設(shè)計出這樣妙絕古今的水利樞紐工程,是何等的了不起!都江堰所展示的我國古代水利科學(xué)水平,難道不值得我們?yōu)橹械阶院溃械秸駣^嗎!
離堆公園
從飛沙堰前行是離堆公園。
離堆公園是都江堰的市內(nèi)入口,也是市區(qū)最美麗的園林,奇花異木、盆景藝術(shù)、叢林幽徑、處處讓人留連。其中有兩處我認(rèn)為是必去之地,那就是伏龍觀和新辟的文物陳列館。
伏龍觀就建在離堆上,因“二郎擒孽龍”的神話而得名。伏龍觀的前身名叫“范賢館”,始建于公元4世紀(jì),是紀(jì)念成漢時(公元302—347年)青城山天師道首領(lǐng)、天地太師西山侯——范長生而建。因范長生被人稱為“范賢”,這館因之而命名為“范賢館”,五代十國時,李冰先后受封為“大安王”和“應(yīng)圣靈感王”,在此修李公祠。又因宋代民間傳說的二郎伏龍,最后定名“伏龍觀”。
走上四十二級臺階后,便可見右方的一碑“離堆”。抬頭看右前方的山頭,那便是玉壘山,李冰當(dāng)時修建都江堰水利工程時,首先開玉壘山,引水灌田,便使玉壘山的主峰和我們腳下的這塊山丘分隔開了,形成了一個孤立的小山堆,這便是離堆的由來。左側(cè)并排立著11塊石碑,依次為“神禹峋嶁碑”,“道都符碑”和“佛教梵文碑”,意在借助儒、釋、道三教的神力以鎮(zhèn)水,通稱“鎮(zhèn)水碑”。也有說鎮(zhèn)水碑不是鎮(zhèn)水,而是鎮(zhèn)壓下面的孽龍的。孽龍若沒有上面碑的神力鎮(zhèn)壓,便又會興風(fēng)作浪。
伏龍觀前殿,供奉的是李冰神像。神像是東漢末年(168年)石刻像,像高2.9米,重4.5噸。于1974年修建外江江閘才從河床中撈出來。因石像臥在江中,胸前文字清晰可見。中間有文:“故蜀郡李府君諱冰”,兩袖有文:“建寧元年閏月戊申朔二十五日都水尹龍、長陳壹造三神石人鎮(zhèn)水萬世焉”這段文字表明,此石刻像雕刻時間是東漢靈帝建寧元年(168年)閏三月二十五日,迄今已有1800多年了。
都水是東漢郡府管理水利的行政部門。是郡太守府的椽史,他代表郡太守常住都水官府。旁邊這尊缺頭人像大概就是當(dāng)時的都水,由于岷江中上游沙石含量大,頭給撞毀了。他沒有頭,卻依舊把當(dāng)時的治水工具“鍤”握得緊緊的,足以證明他治水的決心與信心。在那時,官員們腰間的綬帶分別代表他們官位的大小,他腰間綬帶并不長,反映了他在當(dāng)時的官位并不大。據(jù)推測,他的官位相當(dāng)于現(xiàn)在都江堰管理局局長。
前殿的另一側(cè),陳列著都江堰市出土的漢墓石刻,其中有石俑(有趣的是,他手中所持的工具也是“鍤”)、石馬(個頭矮壯矯健的川馬)以及石刻水塘。眼前的石人石馬是漢代仿李冰治水時留下的文物雕鑿成的。古書記載,造石俑放入內(nèi)江江心,在淘灘的時候,以石人(馬)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),低不過足踝,高不過肩,以保證岷江江水既造福于民、灌溉良田,又避免水量過大造成成都平原水災(zāi)。當(dāng)然,在后來以臥鐵代替石人石馬,石人石馬便成古跡了。
石刻水塘展現(xiàn)了建都江堰后,農(nóng)田自流灌溉的繁榮景象和莊園主的生活。要請大家注意的是石刻水塘之間的凹槽,這些凹槽中間是一些閘,這些閘用于控制田間進(jìn)水量,如實反映了都江堰的“自流灌溉”,是與水利相關(guān)的漢代石刻藝術(shù)瑰寶。
沿著天井的石階進(jìn)入中殿,原名鐵佛殿,現(xiàn)為文物陳列室,展示有關(guān)李冰修建都江堰的文物、文獻(xiàn)和中外嘉賓在伏龍觀的留影和題詞。
后殿原名玉皇殿。殿四周均有回廊,視野開闊,移步換景,山光水色令人陶醉。左側(cè)開闊處有一亭子,名“觀瀾亭”,在這里可見內(nèi)外江奔騰呼嘯,腳下的離堆此時更顯出“中流砥柱”的氣勢。
離堆是當(dāng)年李冰在此處開鑿的一個引水口。早在2000多年前的秦國,還沒有火藥,而且鐵器的使用也較落后,這玉壘山又屬子母巖(礫巖沉積巖),結(jié)構(gòu)十分堅固,要人工開鑿缺口確實是一件不容易的事。但人們的智慧是無窮的。于是想到了用“火攻”的方法,先用柴火焚燒巖石,使之熾熱,然后澆水醋。鑿去一層,再燒一層,如此反復(fù)進(jìn)行,終于在八年后,開了—個寬20M、高40M、長80M的缺口,這口子使玉壘山分出了離堆,也建成了寶瓶口。據(jù)傳,在開鑿寶瓶口時,李冰不僅身先士卒,奮勇當(dāng)先,同時李冰的女兒“冰兒”也為之英勇獻(xiàn)身。當(dāng)寶瓶口還差最后一層巖墻就可打開時,每人都知道開這層巖墻的人便必死無疑!氨鶅骸眳s毅然要求去,寶瓶口鑿開了,可“冰兒”卻被滾滾的江流吞食了,人們說她死后羽化成仙,神靈便附在玉壘山上,從遠(yuǎn)處便可見“冰兒”安祥地仰臥在玉壘山,日日夜夜地守護(hù)著這千年古堰。
現(xiàn)在,我們原路走出伏龍觀,去參觀都江堰文物陳列館,里面關(guān)于都江堰水利工程的大量史料,將加深你對古堰的認(rèn)識。陳列館關(guān)于青城山等地的資料,會使你對都江堰市豐富的旅游資源有一個比較完整的了解。
都江堰的導(dǎo)游詞4
Dujiangyan is located in the west of dujiangyan city, sichuan province, is located in the minjiang river in the west of the chengdu plain. Dujiangyan water conservancy project was built in 256 BC, is so far, all over the world s most long, the only thing left, is characterized by no dam diversion of water conservancy projects. Is a national key cultural relics protection units. Near dujiangyan, beautiful scenery and numerous cultural relics, there are mainly FuLong view, the two Kings temple, peaceful bridge, which, from the pile of park, which mountain park and lingyan temple, etc. The dujiangyan irrigation project by the creation of yuzui water-dividing dike, fly sand dam spillway, BaoPingKou irrigating gate three main engineering and baizhang dike, herringbone dam and other accessory works. Scientifically solved the automatic water distributary and desilting, control the water flow, flood, eliminates the make western sichuan plain "severe" from the man's "land of abundance". More than two thousand years, has played a flood control and irrigation. By 1998, dujiangyan irrigation area has reached more than 40 counties, irrigated area of 668700 hectares. Fish mouth is built in jiangxin water dam, the minjiang river surge is divided into outer and neijiang, jiang outside having, jiang baopingkou water diversion irrigation. Fly sand dam up xie hong, desilting and adjust the action of water. BaoPingKou control water flow, the shape of the mouth for such as bottlenecks, therefore calls BaoPingKou. In the river after BaoPingKou into the western sichuan plain irrigation farmland. From the hills hill part of truncation, which is called "from the heap. Dujiangyan water conservancy project makes full use of local geographical conditions of high northwest, southeast low, according to the mountain rivers in special terrain, water vein, water potential, return pattern, no dam diversion, gravity irrigation, the embankment, water, water, sand, curtains on interdependence, for system, to ensure the water flood control, irrigation, water transportation and social comprehensive benefits into full play. After the completion of dujiangyan, the chengdu plain lies thousands of miles, "province.with from people, do not know famine, when no famine," tianfu ". Culture has a great development of the economy in sichuan province. Its greatest dam was built two thousand years enduring, and it plays a more and more big. Dujiangyan to create, in order to does not destroy the natural resources, make full use of natural resources for human services for the premise, change for profit, make the person, the land, water three highly harmonious and unified. Dujiangyan project remain, so far still plays a job. With the enlargement of the scope of the development of science and technology and irrigation area, begin from 1936, gradually switch to slurry concrete build by laying bricks or stones pebble technology of ancient project for repair, reinforcement, add some of the water conservancy facilities, the engineering layout and ancient weir are crowded "deep, low weir tao beach", "return pattern, since the", "cutting Angle, every heart is pumping in bay" and other valuable hasn't changed, dujiangyan water conservancy project to become the world's best model of water resource utilization. Water conservancy experts, after carefully watched the whole project design of its height more than the scientific level of marvel. Such as sand weir design is a good use of the theory of swirling flow. The weir, at ordinary times can be irrigated, flooding can drain into the river, but also the role of sand and gravel, sometimes big stones can roll away from the weir. There were no cement, for such a big engineering is use local materials, using bamboo cages packed pebble as weir, expenses in province, effect is remarkable. Dujiangyan scenic in this area, there are many places of interest, it is an ideal tourist attraction. Dujiangyan one with two Kings temple, FuLong view, peaceful bridge such as places of historic interest. Two Kings temple is located in minjiang river right bank slopes, the former in dujiangyan, a former memory of the king of shu emperor temple, JiJianWu (A.D. 494-498) when the change of si bing and his son, renamed the "chong DE temple". After the song dynasty (960-1279), emperor bing and his son have been ChiFeng is king, so be called "two Kings temple". Temple in the main sanctuary dedicated has the statue of bing and his son, and treasure water conservancy quotes, poet inscriptions, and so on. FuLong view the heap of the park. Legend bing water conservancy were here when the surrender dragon, existing triple temple and QianDian are neutral during the eastern han dynasty (25-220 AD) the bing stone carving. Inside and weir work statues of the eastern han dynasty, tang dynasty Jin Xian and princess YuZhen relic - fly Long Ding when qingcheng mountain monastery. Peaceful Bridges also known as "peaceful bridge", "bridge". Was built in the song dynasty. In dujiangyan, fish mouth, is known as "five Bridges" in ancient China, is the most typical landscape of dujiangyan. Bridge to raft stone retainer, hanging from a thick bamboo cable cross river on board for the deck, on both sides with bamboo rope to bar, total length of about 500 meters. The late Ming dynasty (17th century AD) was destroyed by fire. Now the bridge concrete pile for cable. Is not only a world-famous dujiangyan water conservancy project in ancient China, is also a famous scenic spot. In 1982, dujiangyan, sichuan qingcheng mountain - dujiangyan scenic area as an important part of it was approved by the state council listed in the first list of state-level scenic spots. On May 8, 20xx, chengdu - dujiangyan qingcheng mountain scenic spots by the national tourism administration approval for the state 5 - tourist scenic spot. According to the UN convention on the protection of world cultural and natural heritage the second paragraph of article 1 of the regulations on cultural heritage definition: "building: from the historical, artistic or scientific perspective in architecture, distributed evenly, or combined with environment landscape has outstanding universal value of monomer or connection of buildings". Dujiangyan water conservancy engineering with a long history, large-scale, layout reasonable, scientific operation, combination, in harmony with the environment in history and science has outstanding universal value, in 20xx the United Nations conference on the world heritage committee the 24th dujiangyan was identified as the world cultural heritage.
都江堰的導(dǎo)游詞5
親愛的游客們,大家好!歡迎大家來到都江堰游覽觀光。今天,我有幸擔(dān)任你們的.導(dǎo)游。現(xiàn)在請隨我一同出發(fā)。請注意:請大家進(jìn)去后不要亂丟垃圾、踐踏花草、隨地吐痰。謝謝!
在建堰初期,都江堰名叫“湔堋”,三國時期叫“都安堰”,有名“金堤”,唐代叫“楗尾堰”,到了宋代,才有“都江堰”這個名字。
現(xiàn)在大家請下車,跟我走,前面就是伏龍觀。伏龍觀是傳說中李冰降服孽龍的地方,現(xiàn)在用于祭李冰,伏龍觀里現(xiàn)有李冰石像和飛龍鼎,F(xiàn)在,請大家自己參觀伏龍觀,半個小時后在這里集合。
請大家跟我來,這邊是安瀾索橋,又被稱做夫妻橋,是中國古代五大橋梁之一,始建于宋代,17世紀(jì)毀于戰(zhàn)火,在清代重建,現(xiàn)在把竹索改成了鋼索,木樁改為混凝土樁。剛建橋時,它叫“珠浦橋”,宋代是改名為“評事橋”,直到清代重建時,才改名為“安瀾橋”。
請大家跟我上橋,往下看,這河的河床里有四根臥鐵,分別是明朝萬歷四年、清同治三年、民國十六年和1994年埋下的,離堆公園里有它們的復(fù)制品展覽。
現(xiàn)在大家可以自由活動,可以去離堆公園、藥王廟、二王廟游玩,5點正大家在景區(qū)門口集合。
都江堰的導(dǎo)游詞6
The dujiangyan irrigation project is located in the chengdu plain in sichuan minjiang river on the west side of the western city of dujiangyan, 56 km away from chengdu. Was built in 256 BC, is the warring states period, qin shu satrap bing leads the people to build a large water conservancy projects, up to now still in irrigated farmland, is the well-being of the people of the great water conservancy project. Its is characterized by s long, undammed diversion, is the ancestor of the world water culture. The project is mainly composed of yuzui water-dividing dike, fly sand dam spillway, the three most BaoPingKou inlet and baizhang dike, herringbone dam and other accessory works, scientifically solve the automatic distributary river (the yuzui water-dividing dike allocation water), automatic and sand (second from the yuzui water-dividing dike eight sand), control the water flow (BaoPingKou and fly sand dam), eliminates the floods. The irrigation area of 668700 hectares, 1998 irrigation area has reached more than 40 counties. Consists of feeding hub, dujiangyan irrigation area water diversion channels at all levels, all kinds of engineering buildings and big small and medium-sized reservoirs and rivers of a large engineering system, carrying out the sichuan basin in the central and western regions 7 cities (ground) 36 counties (city, area) more than 10.03 million acres of farmland irrigation, more than 50 key enterprises of chengdu and urban water supply, and flood control, power generation, and floating water, aquatic products, aquaculture, multiple target integrated services such as fruit, tourism, environmental protection, is irreplaceable in sichuan province, the national economic development and water conservancy infrastructure, the size of its irrigation area in the country. Dujiangyan is located in minjiang river alluvial plain of the valley into the river, it irrigation sculling county east of chengdu plain, white on the farmland. Original through the topography of steep hills of the upper reaches of minjiang river, once in the chengdu plain, water speed slow down suddenly, thus placing a lot of sediment and rocks deposited then, siltation of the river. Every rainy season, the minjiang river and other tributaries of the watershed waters often overrun; Rain is insufficient, will cause drought. Long before dujiangyan into 2, three hundred, the ancient shu kingdom cuckoo king for liberal, open a artificial river in the mountain area of minjiang river, minjiang river water into the river, in addition to the damage. , Dujiangyan irrigation area is the most economically developed areas in sichuan province, is the heart of politics, economy and culture in sichuan. "The jie people spirit", history is the "land of abundance" reputation. Irrigation area within the natural landscape, cultural landscape, city huacai and urban scenery, colorful, beautiful. Irrigation and water conservancy, dotted, each exhibition charm, each has its own characteristics, pleasing, "people's canal, DongFengQu, sanhe weir, weir, float water"; the black dragon pool, sancha lake, reservoir, lake ripple twinkling; longquan scored, characterized by open, water rises ". Full irrigation area presents the "long walk on the ground, the Milky Way the sky flow; rainbow valley, the pinghu" grand picture.
都江堰的導(dǎo)游詞7
歡迎大家來到這里,下面我來為大家介紹一下!
秦蜀郡太守李冰建堰初期,都江堰名稱叫“湔堋”,這是因為都江堰旁的玉壘山,秦漢以前叫“湔山”,而那時都江堰周圍的主要居住民族是氐羌人,他們把堰叫做“堋”,所以都江堰就叫“湔堋”。
三國蜀漢時期,都江堰地區(qū)設(shè)置都安縣,因縣得名,都江堰稱“都安堰”。同時,又叫“金堤”,這是突出魚嘴分水堤的作用,用堤代堰作名稱。
唐代,都江堰改稱為“楗尾堰”。因為當(dāng)時用以筑堤的材料和辦法,主要是“破竹為籠,圓徑三尺,以石實中,累而壅水”,即用竹籠裝石,稱為“楗尾”。
直到宋代,在宋史中,才第一次提到都江堰:“永康軍歲治都江堰,籠石蛇決江遏水,以灌數(shù)郡田。”關(guān)于都江這一名稱的來源,《蜀水考》說:“府河,一名成都江,有二源,即郫江,流江也!绷鹘菣z江的另一種稱呼,成都平原上的府河即郫江,南河即檢江,它們的上游,就是都江堰內(nèi)江分流的柏條河和走馬河!独ǖ刂尽氛f:“都江即成都江”。從宋代開始,把整個都江堰水利系統(tǒng)的`工程概括起來,叫都江堰,才較為準(zhǔn)確地代表了整個水利工程系統(tǒng),一直沿用至今。
公元前256年秦昭襄王在位期間,蜀郡郡守李冰率領(lǐng)蜀地各族人民創(chuàng)建了都江堰這項千古不朽的水利工程。都江堰水利工程充分利用當(dāng)?shù)匚鞅备、東南低的地理條件,根據(jù)江河出山口處特殊的地形、水脈、水勢,乘勢利導(dǎo),無壩引水,自流灌溉,使堤防、分水、泄洪、排沙、控流相互依存,共為體系,保證了防洪、灌溉、水運和社會用水綜合效益的充分發(fā)揮。最偉大之處是建堰兩千多年來經(jīng)久不衰,都江堰工程至今猶存。
隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和灌區(qū)范圍的擴(kuò)大,從1936年開始,逐步改用混凝土漿砌卵石技術(shù)對渠首工程進(jìn)行維修、加固,增加了部分水利設(shè)施,古堰的工程布局和"深淘灘、低作堰",“乘勢利導(dǎo)、因時制宜”,“遇灣截角、逢正抽心”等治水方略沒有改變,都江堰以其“歷史跨度大、工程規(guī)模大、科技含量大、灌區(qū)范圍大、社會經(jīng)濟(jì)效益大”的特點享譽(yù)中外、名播遐方,在政治上、經(jīng)濟(jì)上、文化上,都有著極其重要的地位和作用。都江堰水利工程成為世界佳水資源利用的典范。
都江堰的導(dǎo)游詞8
Dujiangyan is located in the west of dujiangyan city, sichuan province, is located in the minjiang river in the west of the chengdu plain. Dujiangyan water conservancy project was built in 256 BC, is so far, all over the world s most long, the only thing left, is characterized by no dam diversion of water conservancy projects. Is a national key cultural relics protection units. Near dujiangyan, beautiful scenery and numerous cultural relics, there are mainly FuLong view, the two Kings temple, peaceful bridge, which, from the pile of park, which mountain park and lingyan temple, etc. The dujiangyan irrigation project by the creation of yuzui water-dividing dike, fly sand dam spillway, BaoPingKou irrigating gate three main engineering and baizhang dike, herringbone dam and other accessory works. Scientifically solved the automatic water distributary and desilting, control the water flow, flood, eliminates the make western sichuan plain "severe" from the man's "land of abundance". More than two thousand years, has played a flood control and irrigation. By 1998, dujiangyan irrigation area has reached more than 40 counties, irrigated area of 668700 hectares. Fish mouth is built in jiangxin water dam, the minjiang river surge is divided into outer and neijiang, jiang outside having, jiang baopingkou water diversion irrigation. Fly sand dam up xie hong, desilting and adjust the action of water. BaoPingKou control water flow, the shape of the mouth for such as bottlenecks, therefore calls BaoPingKou. In the river after BaoPingKou into the western sichuan plain irrigation farmland. From the hills hill part of truncation, which is called "from the heap.
Dujiangyan water conservancy project makes full use of local geographical conditions of high northwest, southeast low, according to the mountain rivers in special terrain, water vein, water potential, return pattern, no dam diversion, gravity irrigation, the embankment, water, water, sand, curtains on interdependence, for system, to ensure the water flood control, irrigation, water transportation and social comprehensive benefits into full play. After the completion of dujiangyan, the chengdu plain lies thousands of miles, "province.with from people, do not know famine, when no famine," tianfu ". Culture has a great development of the economy in sichuan province. Its greatest dam was built two thousand years enduring, and it plays a more and more big. Dujiangyan to create, in order to does not destroy the natural resources, make full use of natural resources for human services for the premise, change for profit, make the person, the land, water three highly harmonious and unified. Dujiangyan project remain, so far still plays a job. With the enlargement of the scope of the development of science and technology and irrigation area, begin from 1936, gradually switch to slurry concrete build by laying bricks or stones pebble technology of ancient project for repair, reinforcement, add some of the water conservancy facilities, the engineering layout and ancient weir are crowded "deep, low weir tao beach", "return pattern, since the", "cutting Angle, every heart is pumping in bay" and other valuable hasn't changed, dujiangyan water conservancy project to become the world's best model of water resource utilization. Water conservancy experts, after carefully watched the whole project design of its height more than the scientific level of marvel. Such as sand weir design is a good use of the theory of swirling flow. The weir, at ordinary times can be irrigated, flooding can drain into the river, but also the role of sand and gravel, sometimes big stones can roll away from the weir. There were no cement, for such a big engineering is use local materials, using bamboo cages packed pebble as weir, expenses in province, effect is remarkable. Dujiangyan scenic in this area, there are many places of interest, it is an ideal tourist attraction. Dujiangyan one with two Kings temple, FuLong view, peaceful bridge such as places of historic interest. Two Kings temple is located in minjiang river right bank slopes, the former in dujiangyan, a former memory of the king of shu emperor temple, JiJianWu (A.D. 494-498) when the change of si bing and his son, renamed the "chong DE temple". After the song dynasty (960-1279), emperor bing and his son have been ChiFeng is king, so be called "two Kings temple". Temple in the main sanctuary dedicated has the statue of bing and his son, and treasure water conservancy quotes, poet inscriptions, and so on. FuLong view the heap of the park. Legend bing water conservancy were here when the surrender dragon, existing triple temple and QianDian are neutral during the eastern han dynasty (25-220 AD) the bing stone carving. Inside and weir work statues of the eastern han dynasty, tang dynasty Jin Xian and princess YuZhen relic - fly Long Ding when qingcheng mountain monastery. Peaceful Bridges also known as "peaceful bridge", "bridge". Was built in the song dynasty. In dujiangyan, fish mouth, is known as "five Bridges" in ancient China, is the most typical landscape of dujiangyan. Bridge to raft stone retainer, hanging from a thick bamboo cable cross river on board for the deck, on both sides with bamboo rope to bar, total length of about 500 meters. The late Ming dynasty (17th century AD) was destroyed by fire. Now the bridge concrete pile for cable. Is not only a world-famous dujiangyan water conservancy project in ancient China, is also a famous scenic spot. In 1982, dujiangyan, sichuan qingcheng mountain - dujiangyan scenic area as an important part of it was approved by the state council listed in the first list of state-level scenic spots. On May 8, 20xx, chengdu - dujiangyan qingcheng mountain scenic spots by the national tourism administration approval for the state 5 - tourist scenic spot. According to the UN convention on the protection of world cultural and natural heritage the second paragraph of article 1 of the regulations on cultural heritage definition: "building: from the historical, artistic or scientific perspective in architecture, distributed evenly, or combined with environment landscape has outstanding universal value of monomer or connection of buildings". Dujiangyan water conservancy engineering with a long history, large-scale, layout reasonable, scientific operation, combination, in harmony with the environment in history and science has outstanding universal value, in 20xx the United Nations conference on the world heritage committee the 24th dujiangyan was identified as the world cultural heritage.
都江堰的導(dǎo)游詞9
著名的古代水利工程都江堰位于四川都江堰市城西,建于公元三世紀(jì),是中國戰(zhàn)國時期秦國蜀郡太守李冰及其子率眾修建的一座大型水利工程,是全世界至今為止,年代最久、唯一留存、以無壩引水為特征的宏大水利工程,至今仍發(fā)揮巨大效益,不愧為文明世界的偉大杰作,造福人民的偉大水利工程,是我國科技史上的一座豐碑。
寶瓶口在是湔山(今名灌口山、玉壘山)伸向岷江的長脊上鑿開的一個口子,它是人工鑿成控制內(nèi)江進(jìn)水的咽喉,利用因它形似瓶口而功能奇特,故名寶瓶口。
李冰父子邀集了許多有治水經(jīng)驗的'農(nóng)民,對地形和水情作了實地勘察,決心鑿穿玉壘山引水。由于當(dāng)時還未發(fā)明火藥,李冰便以火燒石,使巖石爆裂,終于在玉壘山鑿出了一個寬20公尺,高40公尺,長80公尺的山口。因形狀酷似瓶口,故取名“寶瓶口”,把開鑿玉壘山分離的石堆叫“離堆”。
魚嘴分水堤:“魚嘴”是都江堰的分水工程,因其形如魚嘴而得名,它昂頭于岷江江心,把岷江分成內(nèi)外二江。西邊叫外江,俗稱“金馬河”,是岷江正流,主要用于排洪;東邊沿山腳的叫內(nèi)江,是人工人工引水渠道,主要用于灌溉。
飛沙堰溢洪道:“泄洪道”具有泄洪徘砂的顯著功能,故又叫它“飛沙堰”。飛沙堰是都江堰三大件之一,看上去十分平凡,其實它的功用非常之大,可以說是確保成都平原不受水災(zāi)的關(guān)鍵要害。飛沙堰的作用主要是當(dāng)內(nèi)江的水量超過寶瓶口流量上限時,多余的水便從飛沙堰自行溢出;如遇特大洪水的非常情況,它還會自行潰堤,讓大量江水回歸岷江正流。另一作用是“飛沙”,岷江從萬山叢中急馳而來,挾著大量泥沙、石塊,如果讓它們順內(nèi)江而下,就會淤塞寶瓶口和灌區(qū)。古時飛沙堰,是用竹籠卵石堆砌的臨時工程;如今已改用混凝土澆鑄,以保一勞永逸的功效。
寶瓶口:寶瓶口起"節(jié)制閘"作用,能自動控制內(nèi)江進(jìn)水量,是湔山(今名灌口山、玉壘山)伸向岷江的長脊上鑿開的一個口子,它是人工鑿成控制內(nèi)江進(jìn)水的咽喉,因它形似瓶口而功能奇持,故名寶瓶口。留在寶瓶口右邊的山丘,因與其山體相離,故名離堆。離堆在開鑿寶瓶口以前,是湔山虎頭巖的一部分。由于寶瓶口自然景觀瑰麗,有“離堆鎖峽”之稱,屬歷史上著名的“灌陽十景”之一。
都江堰的導(dǎo)游詞10
都江堰熊貓樂園景區(qū)是世界唯一的大熊貓救護(hù)與疾病防控研究的專業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu),占地760畝。有大熊貓疾病防控研究區(qū),救護(hù)隔離檢疫區(qū),康復(fù)訓(xùn)練區(qū),公眾教育區(qū),辦公區(qū)和自然景觀區(qū)等7個功能區(qū)組成,可滿足40多只大熊貓的救護(hù),飼養(yǎng)管理需要。
其中大熊貓康復(fù)訓(xùn)練區(qū),公眾教育區(qū)和自然景觀區(qū)約500畝的范圍面向觀眾開放,開展公眾教育。
現(xiàn)有的基地綠樹成蔭,翠竹蔥蘢,鳥語花香,空氣清新。整個基地參照國家綠色三星標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計,建筑與自然環(huán)境巧妙融合,為大熊貓創(chuàng)造了一個良好的'生活環(huán)境。
都江堰的導(dǎo)游詞11
各位游客:
歡迎各位來到在世界都享有盛名的都江堰景區(qū)。我是xxX旅行社派出的導(dǎo)游xx大家可以叫我小X。很高興今天可以為大家服務(wù)!記得當(dāng)代著名詩人余秋雨曾說過,拜水都江堰,問道青城山!可見都江堰在水利工程里面的地位非同一般。
都江堰的創(chuàng)建,充分利用自然資源為人類服務(wù)為前提,變害為利,使人、地、水三者高度協(xié)合統(tǒng)一,是全世界迄今為止僅存的一項偉大的“生態(tài)工程”。我們進(jìn)入都江堰景區(qū),首先來到的是離堆公園。公園大門對聯(lián):“完神禹斧椎功,陸海無雙,河渠大書秦受惠;攬全蜀山水秀,導(dǎo)江第一,名園生色華陽篇”。上聯(lián)說,譽(yù)稱“陸海”的天府,蓋世無雙,歸功于李冰太守,他接過大禹的神斧仙椎,完成了偉大的都江堰水利工程;下聯(lián)說,總攬蜀中名山秀水,都江堰市第一,這離堆公園就是其中增色添彩的一處。
寶瓶口
下面我們看到的就是寶瓶口,作為都江堰水利工程的三大主體工程之一,寶瓶口主要用于引流入渠。在公元225年,當(dāng)時只有開鑿玉壘山,打通寶瓶口才能把岷江水引入成都平原。利用火燒水,澆巖石的方法。就這樣,整整用了八年的時間,一個寬20米,深40米,長80米的口子終于燒了出來,而被鑿開的山丘就是我們今天看到的離堆公園了。寶瓶口是內(nèi)江水進(jìn)入成都平原的咽喉,猶如瓶口一樣,嚴(yán)格控制著江水進(jìn)人成都平原的流量,對成都平原的農(nóng)業(yè)、灌溉、防洪、等都產(chǎn)生了特大效益。大家看到的寶瓶口旁的這小山叫離堆。選擇在寶瓶口位置開鑿離堆是極其科學(xué)的。它使內(nèi)江水經(jīng)過一段流程后水勢便于控制,水質(zhì)進(jìn)一步澄清,然后被迎面獨立的離堆頂托江水,創(chuàng)造了飛沙堰泄洪排沙的功能和寶瓶口的瓶頸效用。保證了成都平原的防洪和灌溉。所以說,在寶瓶口位置開鑿離堆,決定了整個渠首工程的布局。兩千多年前的李冰能利用岷江和玉壘山的山形水勢,設(shè)計出這樣妙絕古今的水利樞紐工程,是何等的了不起!我們應(yīng)該為這個水利工程感到自豪!
飛沙堰
現(xiàn)在大家看到的這個有點傾斜的堤壩就是飛沙堰。飛沙堰是都江堰水利工程的第二個主體工程,這堰修在離堆之側(cè),是一道低壩,堰頂距河床僅2.15米。它的主要功能是為內(nèi)江泄洪排沙。從魚嘴分進(jìn)的內(nèi)江水,被離堆一頂,自然旋流起來,每當(dāng)夏秋之季水流量大于寶瓶口的可流量時,寶瓶口不能通過的水,主要從飛沙堰泄出,而且旋流所泛起的泥沙也就從飛沙堰一齊流出去。“飛沙”二字的意思就在于不僅溢洪還能排沙。特大洪水時,從魚嘴分進(jìn)內(nèi)江總干渠的流量可達(dá)寶瓶口流量的四倍。75%的內(nèi)江水可從這里泄出。當(dāng)枯水季節(jié),水位低于飛沙堰時,它便成了一道天然節(jié)制閘,保證了成都平原的灌溉。資料還表明,在飛沙堰第二次利用彎道流體力學(xué)原理,排走江水含沙量的約15%。魚嘴已排沙80%,流向成都平原的水流含沙量就只占5%左右了。
魚嘴
走過金剛堤,我們現(xiàn)在所處的位置就是魚嘴了。魚嘴是都江堰工程的主體部分。站在魚嘴的壩口,看岷江迎面而來,經(jīng)魚嘴一隔分為兩股,即外江和內(nèi)江。魚嘴就是分水堤的`頭,為什么要修在這里呢?起多大作用呢?這就要回到二王廟石崖上刻的“分四六、平潦旱”的兩句話上了。
魚嘴主要起分水作用。由于這段河道的河床外高內(nèi)低,再加上正有一個彎道,所以魚嘴分水后在春耕季節(jié)江水流量較小時,主流就有約六成的水進(jìn)入內(nèi)江,首先保證了成都平原的農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水。洪水季節(jié),流量急增,水位大幅度提高,水勢受河床彎道的制約明顯減少,再由于外江一側(cè)江面較寬,內(nèi)江—側(cè)江面較窄,內(nèi)江的流量會自動低于外江,進(jìn)水約四成,這樣又在很大程度上解決了成都平原的防洪難題。這種功用便是二王廟三字經(jīng)中所說的“分四六、平潦旱”。魚嘴還具有一定的排沙排石功能;岷江是長江最大的支流之—,它發(fā)源于我省松潘縣境內(nèi),每年大量的沙石順流而下,根據(jù)彎道環(huán)流原理,江水在彎道產(chǎn)生的漩流,會將下層的沙石卷到水流上層,大部分便自動被帶入外江一邊而不進(jìn)內(nèi)江。魚嘴正處于“正面取水”“側(cè)面排沙”的理想位置。80%的沙石從這里排走,大大減少了內(nèi)江淤塞之害。
現(xiàn)在的魚嘴已是鋼筋混凝土建筑,在從前它可是土石做基,用卵石竹籠護(hù)堤。造成了堅固耐沖又不積水的堤壩。
今天我們看起來,其實正印證了—句“偉大出于平凡”的格言。都江堰渠首工程蘊涵著極大的科學(xué)性,其設(shè)計和建造所體現(xiàn)的認(rèn)識自然和利用自然的水平之高,即使是二千多年后的今天,仍然可以稱之為最高水平的成就。
現(xiàn)在大家可以隨意拍照留念,注意不要翻越護(hù)欄,照顧好小孩。14:30我們在旁邊的安瀾索橋入口處集合,繼續(xù)接下來的行程。
都江堰的導(dǎo)游詞12
Each friend everybody is good! The ancestor of dujiangyan is known as "world water conservancy culture", is the national famous tourist resort. Today, the small dream to accompany you swim with dujiangyan,understand the water conservancy project, I wish you all a good sleep and eat good drink for fun.
Dujiangyan is located in the town of dujiangyan irrigation mouth chengdu city, sichuan province, is China construction in the ancient and use of large water conservancy project so far. Dujiangyan is the qi shu satrap bing and his son built leads in about 265 AD, is the world so far, s the longest, the only thing left, is characterized by no dam diversion of water conservancy project. Two lang absolute being is known to all, er lang shen bing is son, because bing no children, the legend. Built in memory of father and son, we are next to the two Kings temple, watching dujiangyan best lookout points. Today, we come to a reverse thinking - walk backwards. Dujiangyan, mainly divides into three parts, the fish mouth, fly sand dam and BaoPingKou, today, we from fish mouth at first.
Yuzui water-dividing dike is also called "fish mouth", is named for its shape like a crocodile mouth, head on jiangxin of minjiang river, minjiang river canbe divided into internal and external liangjiang, east of neijiang for irrigation farmland, on the west side of the outer river is used to having. Fish mouth has two main functions: water, the second eight sand. Two eight refers to the sediment deposition in the riverbed sand stone after fish mouth of neat rows of small stone, and outside the river sand (eighty percent), inner river sand (twenty percent). In this way, the water irrigation farmland would be very clear, because most of the sediment has been outside the river walk. Allocation water varies depending on the season, look at a few small island, next to the winter spring river is dry, the wind flow by several small islands in the "S" type, make its mainstream straight at neijiang, neijiang about water inflow, outside Jiang Jin. 4 into water; The surge of the summer rain, water level rises, the water is influenced by the island, no longer the mainstream straight at the river, the proportion of the internal and external jiang river will be automatically reversed: inner river, into the water about 4 aboutJiang Jin water outside. Is such "fish mouth", ensure the local people in the mutagenicity of farmland and people's life in the use of water, in flood period to prevent the onset of flooding, really. , of course, there are few small islands and baizhang dike, abatis, Jin Gangdi assistance, "fish mouth" could not complete the task perfectly, it also tells us that in life, we also need friends helping each other.
Now we ran down a stand - fly sand dam spillway. Fly sand dam with xie hong, desilting and adjust the significant function of water, mainly in the flood will BaoPingKou redundant outside the inner river water to the river, if there are any flooding, it will own levee breaches, let the water flow into the spillway, make a lot of regression of minjiang river flow, to ensure that people in chengdu is not affected by the flood disasters. The second function is desilting, when water gallop, due to centrifugal force formed by the vortex, the sediment or washed up, or to the spillway, the excess of sediment discharge intothe river. Ancient sand dam, it is to use bamboo cage gravel pile of temporary works; Now switch to concrete casting, in order to protect the effect of once and for all.
The following is our last stop -- BaoPingKou.
BaoPingKou named after the deep image vase, "gate" role, can automatically control the neijiang into the water, is extended to the minjiang river Jian long ridge chisel open a hole, it is cut to artificial control the baopingkou water throat. BaoPingKou water will be split in two, two into four, four are divided into eight... Plain to irrigation, to each to each. In other words, if BaoPingKou stuck on, 60% of people in chengdu will have no water to drink. So BaoPingKou and fly sand dam is a "gang of aggravation" good brothers.
Dujiangyan is composed of three major water conservancy project, if think dujiangyan as a fish, so the fish's head is "fish mouth", fly sand dam are the body of the fish, and BaoPingKou, is the tail of the fish. All, chengdu; River, minjiang river; Weir, dam.
This is the origin of the name, dujiangyan, I hope you remember this "the ancestor of water conservancy project".
Don't know you had open not happy? After a play,everyone "goo goo" called the belly, now we are heading for food army!
都江堰的導(dǎo)游詞13
各位朋友:
您們知道嗎?四川到底擁有的自然和文化旅游資源主要有哪些?
大熊貓——我國國寶和世界動物保護(hù)的標(biāo)志
九寨溝、黃龍——占我國三個世界自然遺產(chǎn)中的兩個
樂山、峨眉山——占我國三個世界自然和文化雙重遺產(chǎn)中的一個。
另外,還擁有:
國家級和省級歷史文化名城31座; 全國重點文物保護(hù)單位和省級文物保護(hù)單位30個;
國家級和省級森林公園61個。
國家級和省級自然保護(hù)區(qū)37個。
國家級風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)9個,占全國的7.5%;省級風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)數(shù)量在全國列第一位。
各位朋友,我們的旅游車沿著蜀都大道由東向西行駛,經(jīng)過羊市街西沿線,它是我們成都市的飲食文化一條街,道路的兩旁匯集了中國的四大菜系,如川菜、魯菜、粵菜、淮揚菜及海外如日本、歐美風(fēng)格的餐館,近年又有許多如東北菜、湘菜及四川特色火鍋酒樓應(yīng)運而生,點綴出成都市區(qū)一幅幅亮麗的風(fēng)景畫。我們路經(jīng)這里,可以先飽眼福,有機(jī)會等我們旅游返回成都時再來一飽口福,細(xì)細(xì)地品味其中博大精深的風(fēng)味與文化底蘊,F(xiàn)在請允許我向各位朋友介紹一下成都,成都市是一座旅游城市。成都是一座具有2300多年歷史的文化古城。曾有7個政權(quán)在此建都,其中較有影響力的是三國時期的劉備蜀漢政權(quán),明末張獻(xiàn)忠的大西政權(quán)等。成都有一座中國獨具特色的君臣合廟的建筑物武侯祠,是紀(jì)念劉備與諸葛亮等杰出人物的紀(jì)念地。
成都人口約近1 仟萬,市區(qū)人口約4佰萬,八區(qū)十二個縣市。面積約1萬2仟6 佰平方公里。成都有多大呢?我打個比方,兩個成都市的面積相當(dāng)于中國的海南省,三個成都市的面積相當(dāng)于中國的臺灣省,海拔約400—500米,年平均氣溫攝氏15—16度,成都有三個別名,一個秦代時期一度叫"龜城。;二個是西漢時得名的"錦城"又名
"錦官城";三個是五代后蜀時得名的'"芙蓉城"。成都自古名聲在外,在唐朝時,成都商賈云集,經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易集中發(fā)這,曾被稱為 "揚一益二"。成都有幾個世界之最,如秦代都江堰水利工程是世界上最古老的水利工程之一,現(xiàn)在仍然發(fā)揮著巨大的作用,造福于人民。如漢代時邛崍的火井是世界上最早發(fā)現(xiàn)的火井。在宋代成都發(fā)明的"交子",是世界上最早流通的紙貨幣之一。成都有中國之最,如漢代時蜀郡太守文翁造石室創(chuàng)辦了最早的官辦學(xué)校。
都江堰的導(dǎo)游詞14
青城道溫泉依山而建,錯落雅致,返樸求真,占地60余畝,是青城山首種保健療效,是典型的碳酸鹽泉。家以養(yǎng)生、健康為主題的大型溫泉休閑會所。它攫取地層深處的優(yōu)質(zhì)礦泉,常年出水溫度42℃左右,選用奧運水立方O3高純度水處理系統(tǒng),循環(huán)過濾、殺菌、消毒,水質(zhì)純凈,富含十多種對人體有益的礦物質(zhì),無色無味,具有改善心血管功能,降血壓,治療皮膚病、糖尿病、痛風(fēng)、肥胖癥等。
傳說中太陽洗浴的地方,由五星級青城(豪生)國際酒店20xx年末鉅獻(xiàn),位于青城山前山新山門對面。溫泉攫取青城山地層深處優(yōu)質(zhì)礦泉,以奧運水立方選用的高純度水過濾技術(shù),打造60余畝全生態(tài)有水休閑、養(yǎng)生為一體的休閑養(yǎng)生大型溫泉。溫泉依山而建,全天然奇石造就了自然野趣,數(shù)十畝名木與青城山幽綠渾然一體,吐納青城氣息,享受自然溫暖。特設(shè)大型室內(nèi)恒溫景觀湯池,生態(tài)、休閑,情趣無限;專辟50座全生態(tài)露天泉池,根據(jù)科學(xué)康療和養(yǎng)生原理,提供36℃—42℃不同水溫,營造不同風(fēng)格和養(yǎng)生效果的私密個性空間。
青城道溫泉設(shè)350平方米室內(nèi)景觀湯池、40余座全生態(tài)露天湯池、4幢VIP溫泉別墅。特設(shè)高級水療、傳統(tǒng)足道、道家木桶藥浴、牛奶浴、玫瑰花浴、牡丹花浴、茉莉花浴、戶外森林SPA、地暖肩頸舒壓等養(yǎng)生服務(wù)項目。問道青城山,養(yǎng)生道溫泉。青城道溫泉將優(yōu)美的園林風(fēng)光、濃郁的道家養(yǎng)生文化和五星級酒店的服務(wù)融為一體,是您養(yǎng)生、度假、休閑的理想之地。
四川省都江堰寶瓶口。寶瓶口在是前山(今名灌口山、玉壘山)伸向岷江的長脊上鑿開的一個口子,它是人工鑿成控制內(nèi)江進(jìn)水的咽喉,因它形似瓶口而功能奇特,故名寶瓶口。
著名的古代水利工程都江堰位于四川都江堰市城西,建于公元三世紀(jì),是中國戰(zhàn)國時期秦國蜀郡太守李冰及其子率眾修建的一座大型水利工程,是全世界至今為止,年代最久、唯一留存、以無壩引水為特征的宏大水利工程,至今仍發(fā)揮巨大效益,不愧為文明世界的.偉大杰作,造福人民的偉大水利工程,是我國科技史上的一座豐碑。
寶瓶口起"節(jié)制閘"作用,能自動控制內(nèi)江進(jìn)水量,是前山(今名灌口山、玉壘山)伸向岷江的長脊上鑿開的一個口子,它是人工鑿成控制內(nèi)江進(jìn)水的咽喉,因它形似瓶口而功能奇持,故名寶瓶口。留在寶瓶口右邊的山丘,因與其山體相離,故名離堆。離堆在開鑿寶瓶口以前,是湔山虎頭巖的一部分。由于寶瓶口自然景觀瑰麗,有“離堆鎖峽”之稱,屬歷史上著名的“灌陽十景”之一。
都江堰的導(dǎo)游詞15
the dujiangyan dam, 45km north of chengdu, is an ancient technological plete the project to check the mingjiang river.for many years the river,flooded the chengdu agricultural area and local farmers suffered a lot from the atically diverts the mingjiang river and channels it into irrigation canals. for many years the dam has continued to make the most of the the main stream. during the dry season the fence doesn't e stone tablets, atically this project.
not far from the dujiang dam, a daoist temple complex memorate the benevolent rule of li bing and his son li bing,"when the river flows in zigzags, cut a straight channel. when the riverbeb is wide and shallow, dig it deeper." the temple which is built near the mountaintop, is a popular stopping place for sightseers. there one can enjoy a unique view of the most modern parts of the water conservation project.
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