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考研英語(yǔ)真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析(五)
If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one's destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition—if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped―with the educated themselves riding on them。
Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs—the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is," Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious."
The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life。
27. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if _____。
[A]its returns well compensate for the sacrifices
[B]it is rewarded with money, fame and power
[C]its goals are spiritual rather than material
[D]it is shared by the rich and the famous
28. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is____ 。
[A]customary of the educated to discard ambition in words
[B]too late to check ambition once it has been let out
[C]dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal
[D]impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition
29. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because____ 。
[A]they think of it as immoral
[B]their pursuits are not fame or wealth
[C]ambition is not closely related to material benefits
[D]they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible
30. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained_____。
[A]secretly and vigorously
[B]openly and enthusiastically
[C]easily and momentarily
[D]verbally and spiritually
名師解析
27. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if _____。
普遍認(rèn)為，如果____, 雄心就能夠受人尊重。
[A] its returns well compensate for the sacrifices
雄心的回報(bào)充分補(bǔ)償了所作的犧牲
[B] it is rewarded with money, fame and power
雄心以金錢、名譽(yù)和權(quán)力作為回報(bào)
[C] its goals are spiritual rather than material
雄心的目標(biāo)是精神上的而不是物質(zhì)上的
[D] it is shared by the rich and the famous
它是富人和名人共享的
【答案】 A
【考點(diǎn)】 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【分析】 文章第一句指出，“雄心如果想要獲得尊重，那么它的回報(bào)——財(cái)富、聲望、對(duì)命運(yùn)的掌控——?jiǎng)t必須被認(rèn)為值得為之犧牲”。也就是說(shuō)，正確答案是[A]。[B]中的金錢、聲望和對(duì)命運(yùn)的控制，在第一句中，只是作為取得回報(bào)的三個(gè)例子，并非僅包括這三方面而已。因此，選擇項(xiàng)[A]更加確切地表達(dá)了第一句的意思。[C]、[D]的說(shuō)法顯然不對(duì)。
28. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is____。
第一段最后一句話很可能暗示的內(nèi)容是____。
[A] customary of the educated to discard ambition in words
受過(guò)教育的人習(xí)慣于口頭上拋棄雄心
[B] too late to check ambition once it has been let out
雄心一旦釋放，要想再阻攔就晚了
[C] dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal
在目標(biāo)達(dá)成之后不誠(chéng)實(shí)地否認(rèn)雄心
[D] impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition
對(duì)受過(guò)教育的人來(lái)說(shuō)，要享受雄心帶來(lái)的好處是不實(shí)際的。
【答案】 C
【考點(diǎn)】 句意題。
【分析】 本句中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)比喻，意思是“他們是野心的受益者，但又虛偽地否認(rèn)擁有野心的重要性”。這和[C]的意思是吻合的。[A]的錯(cuò)誤在于它不夠完整，沒(méi)有提到受益這個(gè)概念。[B]的說(shuō)法是字面意思。[D]選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有根據(jù)。
29. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because____。
一些人不公開(kāi)宣稱他們有雄心，是因?yàn)開(kāi)___。
[A] they think of it as immoral
他們認(rèn)為這不道德
[B] their pursuits are not fame or wealth
他們追求的不是名聲和財(cái)富
[C] ambition is not closely related to material benefits
雄心和物質(zhì)利益并非緊密相連
[D] they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible
他們不想讓自己看上去貪婪和可鄙
【答案】 D
【考點(diǎn)】 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【分析】 根據(jù)第二段第三句，“現(xiàn)在，人們不能像以前那樣輕易公開(kāi)地承認(rèn)自己的夢(mèng)想，以免別人認(rèn)為自己愛(ài)出風(fēng)頭，貪婪和庸俗”，所以答案是[D]。
30. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained_____。
從最后一段可以得出雄心應(yīng)該被____ _ 保持這一結(jié)論。
[A]secretly and vigorously 秘密并嚴(yán)格地
[B]openly and enthusiastically 公開(kāi)和充滿熱情地
[C]easily and momentarily 容易并暫時(shí)地
[D]verbally and spiritually 在語(yǔ)言上和精神上
【答案】 B
【考點(diǎn)】 作者觀點(diǎn)題。
【分析】 文章最后一段提到“本應(yīng)該是一種健康的沖動(dòng)，一種應(yīng)該受人仰慕并扎根于青年人心靈的品質(zhì)的雄心，卻被人攻擊，得不到支持。由于不公開(kāi)，雄心轉(zhuǎn)為地下，雄心變得偷偷摸摸”。由此推論，作者認(rèn)為人們不應(yīng)該隱瞞自己的雄心，而應(yīng)該坦言。
難句解析：
1. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 本句是并列句，前一個(gè)分句中，“if”引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主句主語(yǔ)“it”指代“the tradition of ambition”。后一個(gè)分句中“who”引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾“people”，“the educated not least among them”是“people”的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。
2. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 “what”引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，“that”引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句�！癮s…as…”結(jié)構(gòu)做程度狀語(yǔ)，此外“l(fā)est”引導(dǎo)帶虛擬語(yǔ)氣的假設(shè)狀語(yǔ)從句。
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