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考研英語(yǔ)真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析(十五)
To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing�！監(jiān)ne such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal。
For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals—no meat , no fur, no medicines, Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes。” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “ Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers。” Such well-meaning people just don't understand。
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way—in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation, a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst。
Much can be done. Scientists could“adopt”middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress。
26. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to
[A] call on scientists to take some actions。
[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights。
[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research。
[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement。
27. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is
[A] cruel but natural。
[B] inhuman and unacceptable。
[C] inevitable but vicious。
[D] pointless and wasteful。
28. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s
[A] discontent with animal research。
[B] ignorance about medical science。
[C] indifference to epidemics。
[D] anxiety about animal rights。
29. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should
[A] communicate more with the public。
[B] employ hi-tech means in research。
[C] feel no shame for their cause。
[D] strive to develop new cures。
30. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is
[A] a well-known humanist。
[B] a medical practitioner。
[C] an enthusiast in animal rights。
[D] a supporter of animal research。
名師解析
26. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to
作者在開(kāi)篇引用Edmund Burke的話是為了
[A] call on scientists to take some actions. 呼吁科學(xué)家采取行動(dòng)。
[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights. 批評(píng)被誤導(dǎo)的動(dòng)物權(quán)利事業(yè)。
[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research. 警告生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究的厄運(yùn)。
[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement. 展示動(dòng)物權(quán)利運(yùn)動(dòng)的勝利。
【答案】 A
【考點(diǎn)】 作者意圖題。
【分析】 從第一段我們可以看到Edmund Burke所說(shuō)的話的意思就是“一個(gè)被誤導(dǎo)的事業(yè)如果要成功，它唯一需要的是好人無(wú)所作為”。然后作者緊接著寫(xiě)道“現(xiàn)在就有這樣的一個(gè)事業(yè)：動(dòng)物權(quán)利保護(hù)，他們?cè)噲D阻止生物醫(yī)學(xué)使用動(dòng)物”。隨后出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵句“科學(xué)家們需要采取行動(dòng)回應(yīng)這些鼓吹者”。這實(shí)際上就是一個(gè)呼吁，所以答案應(yīng)該是[A]。
27. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is
被誤導(dǎo)的人通常會(huì)認(rèn)為使用動(dòng)物進(jìn)行研究是
[A] cruel but natural. 殘忍但是很普通的。
[B] inhuman and unacceptable. 不人道而且難以接受的。
[C] inevitable but vicious. 不可避免但是邪惡的。
[D] pointless and wasteful. 無(wú)意義而且是浪費(fèi)的。
【答案】 B
【考點(diǎn)】 推斷題。
【分析】 特征詞匯“tend to think”很明確告訴我們出題人想考查考生能否推斷出受誤導(dǎo)的人們是怎樣看待用動(dòng)物做試驗(yàn)的。因?yàn)槲闹胁](méi)有直接給出答案，這樣的題目的解題關(guān)鍵是尋找和題干有關(guān)的信息，然后通過(guò)推理連接起來(lái)這些可能是分散的信息。本題題干中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞組是“misled people”，首先需要定位，看看“misled people”都有什么看法，然后再做判斷。第一段最后一句說(shuō)“當(dāng)人們聽(tīng)到醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)殘忍對(duì)待動(dòng)物的指控時(shí)，許多人都不明白為什么有人會(huì)故意傷害動(dòng)物”。第二段是一個(gè)具體的被誤導(dǎo)的祖母般的女士的例子，但是文中只是說(shuō)她反對(duì)用動(dòng)物來(lái)做研究。第三段最后一句非常關(guān)鍵：“對(duì)于他們來(lái)說(shuō)，動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)說(shuō)得好是浪費(fèi)，說(shuō)得不好是殘忍”。從以上的分析可以看出，受到誤導(dǎo)的人們認(rèn)為用動(dòng)物做研究是殘酷的、不可思議的。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，[B]最符合原文。[A]中雖然提到了“cruel”，但是“natural”不對(duì)，因?yàn)楸徽`導(dǎo)的人們不可能認(rèn)為那是普通的事情。[C]說(shuō)的是“不可避免的，但是邪惡的”，也不正確，因?yàn)槲恼轮袥](méi)有提到不可避免這個(gè)說(shuō)法。[D]項(xiàng)說(shuō)的是“毫無(wú)意義，浪費(fèi)的”，文中沒(méi)有提到毫無(wú)意義這個(gè)意思。
28. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s
老太太的例子被用來(lái)說(shuō)明公眾
[A] discontent with animal research. 對(duì)動(dòng)物研究的不滿。
[B] ignorance about medical science. 對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)的無(wú)知。
[C] indifference to epidemics. 對(duì)流行病的冷漠。
[D] anxiety about animal rights. 對(duì)動(dòng)物權(quán)益的憂慮。
【答案】 B
【考點(diǎn)】 作者意圖題。
【分析】 這個(gè)例子說(shuō)的是一位老太太向大家散發(fā)傳單，號(hào)召大家不要用任何來(lái)自于動(dòng)物或在動(dòng)物身上試驗(yàn)過(guò)的東西。當(dāng)問(wèn)及是否反對(duì)使用疫苗時(shí)，老太大說(shuō)，若疫苗也來(lái)源于動(dòng)物，那么就不應(yīng)使用疫苗，流行病自有科學(xué)家們用計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)解決。可見(jiàn)老太太對(duì)科學(xué)的無(wú)知。而她的這種無(wú)知是很普遍的。作者在第二段最后一句話感嘆“這些好心人壓根兒就不明白”，所以答案為[B]。[A]說(shuō)的是公眾對(duì)動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)的不滿。但是，老太太的例子不僅僅是為了說(shuō)明這一點(diǎn)。這個(gè)論據(jù)反映的是什么論點(diǎn)呢？從全文來(lái)看，作者的目的不是為了寫(xiě)公眾有多憤怒，而在于指出公眾不滿的根源——對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)研究不了解，然后呼喚科學(xué)家們針對(duì)這個(gè)根源采取行動(dòng)。所以老太太的例子反映的是公眾的無(wú)知。
29. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should作者認(rèn)為，科學(xué)家在面臨動(dòng)物權(quán)利保護(hù)鼓吹者的挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)，應(yīng)該
[A] communicate more with the public. 更多地與公眾交流。
[B] employ hi-tech means in research. 在研究中采用高科技手段。
[C] feel no shame for their cause. 對(duì)自己的事業(yè)不感到羞恥。
[D] strive to develop new cures. 努力開(kāi)發(fā)新的治療方法。
【答案】 A
【考點(diǎn)】 作者態(tài)度題。
【分析】 在解答這類題目的時(shí)候，考生應(yīng)該按照題干關(guān)鍵詞去尋找答案線索可能的所在地。本題關(guān)鍵詞“challenge from animal rights advocates”，以及“scientists should”，解題線索可在最后兩段中找出。作者向科學(xué)家們提出的建議都
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