考研英語真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析(24)

時(shí)間：2023-04-29 17:57:26 考研英語我要投稿

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Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves。

考研英語真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析(24)

There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protest ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers�！� But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions。

Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now。

Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research—a classic case of “paralysis by analysis�！�

To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound。

26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that

[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death。

[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant。

[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life。

[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense。

27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as

[A] a protector。

[B] a judge。

[C] a critic。

[D] a guide。

28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, Paragraph 4)？

[A] Endless studies kill action。

[B] Careful investigation reveals truth。

[C] Prudent planning hinders progress。

[D] Extensive research helps decision-making。

29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?

[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants。

[B] Raise public awareness of conservation。

[C] Press for further scientific research。

[D] Take some legislative measures。

30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because

[A] they both suffered from the government’s negligence。

[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former。

[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former。

[D] both of them have turned from bad to worse。

名師解析

26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that

吸煙的支持者提出的觀點(diǎn)是

[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death。

沒有科學(xué)證據(jù)證明吸煙和死亡之間存在相互聯(lián)系。

[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant。

在過去的幾十年中過早死亡的吸煙者人數(shù)不多。

[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life。

人們有選擇自己生活方式的自由。

[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense。

反對(duì)吸煙的人通常一派胡言。

【答案】 C

【考點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【分析】從第一段可以看出，其實(shí)支持吸煙的人的理由不止一個(gè)，比如證據(jù)不夠充分，科學(xué)也不能確定，反對(duì)吸煙的游說是為了毀掉我們的生活方式等等。[A]選項(xiàng)是出題人故意擴(kuò)大范圍，夸大選項(xiàng)，故意絕對(duì)化，原文只是證據(jù)不足，而不是沒有證據(jù)。[B]選項(xiàng)說死亡人數(shù)不多，而原文提到的“1,000萬”可不是小數(shù)字。[D]選項(xiàng)不符合的原因是作者說支持吸煙的人的話是“nonsense”(一派胡言)，而不是反對(duì)吸煙的人的話。

27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as

根據(jù)布魯斯·阿爾伯特的觀點(diǎn)，科學(xué)能充當(dāng)

[A] a protector. 保護(hù)人。 [B] a judge. 評(píng)判人、法官。

[C] a critic. 批評(píng)者。 [D] a guide. 向?qū)А?/p>

【答案】 D

【考點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【分析】文章第二段第四句中有這樣的話“科學(xué)從來都不能夠提供所有的答案，但是科學(xué)卻能夠?yàn)槲覀兲峁┩ㄏ蛭磥淼淖罴岩龑?dǎo)”。

28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, Paragraph 4)？

作者通過“分析性癱瘓癥”(第四段最后一行)表達(dá)什么意思？

[A] Endless studies kill action. 無窮盡的研究遏制了行動(dòng)。

[B] Careful investigation reveals truth. 詳細(xì)的研究揭示了真理。

[C] Prudent planning hinders. 謹(jǐn)慎的計(jì)劃阻礙了進(jìn)展。

[D] Extensive research helps decision-making. 廣泛的研究幫助決策。

【答案】 A

【考點(diǎn)】上下文暗示題。

【分析】文章第四段說“白宮已經(jīng)開始關(guān)注此事，但是總統(tǒng)顧問中的許多人仍然沒有認(rèn)真對(duì)待地球變暖問題，他們不但沒有制定行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，反而繼續(xù)要求進(jìn)行更多的研究——這是典型的‘分析性麻痹癥’”。也就是總統(tǒng)顧問中的許多人通過分析、研究來拖延行動(dòng)。所以這里應(yīng)該選擇[A]。

29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?

根據(jù)本文作者的看法，政府對(duì)全球變暖應(yīng)該做些什么？

[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants. 提供幫助，建造更加清潔的電廠。

[B] Raise public awareness of conservation. 提高公眾的環(huán)保意識(shí)。

[C] Press for further scientific research. 敦促更進(jìn)一步的科學(xué)研究。

[D] Take some legislative measures. 采取一些立法的措施。

【答案】 D

【考點(diǎn)】推斷題。

【分析】文章的最后一段里面提到“只有研究是不夠的，如果政府不采取法律行動(dòng)，國(guó)會(huì)應(yīng)該開始制定保護(hù)措施�！盵A]選項(xiàng)很具有干擾性，因?yàn)樵闹谐霈F(xiàn)了“電廠”的概念，這是出題人根據(jù)文章最后兩句話“很多人看見國(guó)家正在做好準(zhǔn)備來修建大量的電廠來滿足我們的能源需求。但是如果我們要保護(hù)我們的大氣，這些電廠必須是環(huán)保的�！眮砭帉懙母蓴_項(xiàng)，采取環(huán)保措施是“國(guó)會(huì)”(congress)做的。[B]選項(xiàng)說政府應(yīng)該提高公眾的環(huán)保意識(shí)，這一點(diǎn)文章沒有提到。[C]選項(xiàng)是顯然不對(duì)的，因?yàn)樯衔膭傉f光有研究是不夠的。只有[D]選項(xiàng)采取立法措施是“政府”(administration)應(yīng)該做的。

30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because

作者把全球變暖和吸煙聯(lián)系在一起是因?yàn)?/p>

[A] they both suffered from the government’s negligence。

它們二者都被政府忽視。

[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former。

從后者吸取的教訓(xùn)適用于前者。

[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former。

后者的結(jié)果惡化了前者。

[D] both of them have turned from bad to worse。

它們二者都已經(jīng)日益惡化。

【答案】 B

【考點(diǎn)】推斷題。