考研英語真題閱讀理解的試題及名師解析
在學(xué)習(xí)、工作生活中，只要有考核要求，就會有試題，借助試題可以更好地對被考核者的知識才能進(jìn)行考察測驗(yàn)。你知道什么樣的試題才是好試題嗎？以下是小編收集整理的考研英語真題閱讀理解的試題及名師解析，歡迎大家分享。
考研英語真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析 1
In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of difference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite.” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent .In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation－language, home ownership and intermarriage.
The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the deion of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign–born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.
Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.–born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian–American women are married to non-Asians.
Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”
Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
21. The word “homogenizing”(Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means
[A] identifying. [B] associating. [C] assimilating. [D] monopolizing。
22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century
[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture。
[B] became intimate shops for common consumers。
[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite。
[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption。
23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S。
[A] are resistant to homogenization。
[B] exert a great influence on American culture。
[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture。
[D] constitute the majority of the population。
24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?
[A] To prove their popularity around the world。
[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants。
[C] To give examples of successful immigrants。
[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture。
25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is
[A] rewarding. [B] successful. [C]. fruitless. [D]. harmful。
名師解析
21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means
“homogenizing”(第一段第二行)一詞的大致意思是
[A] identifying. 識別 確認(rèn) [B] associating. 聯(lián)系，聯(lián)合
[C] assimilating. 吸收，同化 [D] monopolizing. 獨(dú)占，壟斷
【答案】 C
【考點(diǎn)】 詞義題。
【分析】 本題的答案直接可以定位到第一句話。文章說“盡管人們不停地談?wù)摬町悺�，用到了表示轉(zhuǎn)折的“in spite of”，后面顯然就是與前面的意思相反了。差異的反面自然是相同。如果考生沒有把握，只要繼續(xù)讀兩句，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)作者描述的都是一個同化了的社會的特征。而“homogenize”這個單詞，如果從詞根來分析，也不難判斷�！癶omo”表示相同的，比如同性戀就是“homosexual”，而“homogenize”的原意就是“使均勻，均質(zhì)化”，所以只有[C]“assimilate”這個單詞合適�！癮ssimilate”的本意是“吸收，消化”，后引申為“使相同、使相象”，以及“把(移民或文化出色的群體)同化到盛行的文化中”。[A]“identify”一般表示對身份的“識別，確認(rèn)”，不合題意。[B]“associate”表示“聯(lián)系，聯(lián)合”，不合題意。[D]“monopolize”(獨(dú)占， 壟斷)，這個單詞由“mono(單一)＋pole(極)”構(gòu)成，用在本處意思不符合。
22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th-century
在作者看來，19世紀(jì)的商場
[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture. 在傳播流行文化方面發(fā)揮了作用。
[B] became intimate shops for common consumers. 成為了和普通消費(fèi)者關(guān)系親密的商店。
[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite. 滿足了知識精英的需要。
[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption. 其出現(xiàn)歸功于消費(fèi)文化。
【答案】 A
【考點(diǎn)】 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【分析】 題干關(guān)鍵詞“department stores”出現(xiàn)在第一段第三句，該句子的意思是“人們沉迷于一種始于19世紀(jì)的商場的消費(fèi)文化”。隨后進(jìn)一步解釋說“商場和那些精品店不一樣，是人人都可以去的，購物變成了一種民主和公眾的活動”。也就是說，商場對于流行文化的傳播起到了推動的作用，故[A]為本題的正確答案。[B]的錯誤在于它故意將那些迎合精英人士的精品店與其顧客的那種親密的關(guān)系用在商場與普通消費(fèi)者的關(guān)系上。[C]的錯誤在于商場滿足的是普通大眾的需要，而不是那些知識精英的需要。至于[D]，它故意顛倒了因果關(guān)系，商場的出現(xiàn)推動了流行文化的發(fā)展，而并不是流行文化導(dǎo)致了商場的出現(xiàn)。而且作者在這一段結(jié)束的時候，還提到，其它的一些推動流行文化發(fā)展的因素還有大眾傳媒、廣告以及運(yùn)動業(yè)。
23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S。
本文暗示現(xiàn)在美國的移民
[A] are resistant to homogenization. 對于同化是抵制的。
[B] exert a great influence on American culture. 對美國文化施加了很大的影響。
[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture. 對大眾文化幾乎沒有威脅。
[D] constitute the majority of the population. 占人口大多數(shù)。
【答案】 C
【考點(diǎn)】 推斷題。
【分析】 題干中出現(xiàn)了“immigrant”這個關(guān)鍵單詞，就是告訴考生，本題解題的.關(guān)鍵是和移民相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。只有閱讀完相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，才有可能正確答對本題�！癷mmigrant”可以定位到第二段。文章說“移民正在快速適應(yīng)這個大眾文化”。第二句就引用記者的話說“如今的移民既未達(dá)到前所未有的水平，而且也不抵制同化”。這樣一來，就可以排除[A]。后面提到美國移民的人口比率只有百分之幾，顯然不可能是人口的大多數(shù)，因此[D]“移民占人口大多數(shù)”可以被我們排除。不但人數(shù)不占優(yōu)勢，所占比率還在縮小，因此，可以說[C]“對大眾文化幾乎沒有威脅”是合適的。至于[B]項(xiàng)，文中沒有提及。但是考慮到人數(shù)這么少，對美國施加巨大的影響一說就不太現(xiàn)實(shí)了。
24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?
第五段中為什么提到阿諾德·施瓦辛格和葛斯·布魯克斯？
[A] To prove their popularity around the world. 為了證明他們在全球都很受歡迎。
[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants. 為了表明公眾對移民的恐懼。
[C] To give examples of successful immigrants. 為了舉出成功移民的范例。
[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture. 為了展示美國文化的強(qiáng)大影響。
【答案】 D
考研英語真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析 2
No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals andamateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Neverthelss, the wordamateur does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integratedinto the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share itsvalues. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with itsconsequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greaterproblems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally mostobvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical orlaboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development ofgeology in the United Kingdom.
A comparison of British geological publications over the lastcentury and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy ofresearch, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptableresearch paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studiesrepresented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentiethcentury, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionalsonly if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture.Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the oldway. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geologicaljournals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by thewidespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in thenineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in thetwentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separatejournals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateurreadership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professionalgeologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies,where the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to cometogether nationally in a different way.
Although the process of professionalisation and specialization wasalready well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, itsfull consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In sciencegenerally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucialperiod for this change in the structure of science.
21. The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be moreclearly seen in sciences such as _________。
[A]sociology and chemistry
[B]physics and psychology
[C]sociology and psychology
[D]physics and chemistry
22. We can infer from the passage that _________。
[A]there is little distinction between specialization andprofessionalisation
[B]amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science
[C]professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientificcommunity
[D]amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones
23. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate_________。
[A]the process of specialization and professionalisation
[B]the hardship of amateurs in scientific study
[C]the change of policies in scientific publications
[D]the discrimination of professionals against amateurs
24. The direct reason for specialization is _________。
[A]the development in communication
[B]the growth of professionalisation
[C]the expansion of scientific knowledge
[D]the splitting up of academic societies
名師解析
21. The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be moreclearly seen in sciences such as_________.
19世紀(jì)專業(yè)化的發(fā)展在_______等科學(xué)領(lǐng)域容易看的更加清楚。
[A]sociology and chemistry 社會學(xué)和化學(xué)
[B]physics and psychology 物理學(xué)和心理學(xué)
[C]sociology and psychology 社會學(xué)和心理學(xué)
[D]physics and chemistry 物理學(xué)和化學(xué)
【答案】 D
【考點(diǎn)】 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【分析】 根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第三、四句，文中提到專業(yè)化要求更長時間、更復(fù)雜的培訓(xùn)，給參與科學(xué)活動的業(yè)余人士帶來了更大的問題。在特別是以數(shù)學(xué)和實(shí)驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ)的那些科學(xué)領(lǐng)域里，這一傾向自然表現(xiàn)得最為明顯，英國地質(zhì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展充分地說明了這一點(diǎn)。在這四個選擇項(xiàng)中，[A]、[B]、[C]都提到了文科學(xué)科，只有[D]選項(xiàng)中的物理學(xué)和化學(xué)均是以數(shù)學(xué)和實(shí)驗(yàn)作為基礎(chǔ)的科學(xué)，因此可以推斷[D]選項(xiàng)符合原文，是正確答案。
22. We can infer from the passage that _____. 從本文可以推斷出______。
[A] there is little distinction between specialization andprofessionalization
在專業(yè)化和職業(yè)化之間幾乎沒有區(qū)別
[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas ofscience
業(yè)余人士在某些領(lǐng)域和專業(yè)人士可以競爭
[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientificcommunity
專業(yè)人士看上去是歡迎業(yè)余人士加入科學(xué)團(tuán)體的
[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones
業(yè)余人士看起來只有全國性的學(xué)術(shù)協(xié)會，但是沒有地方性的學(xué)術(shù)協(xié)會
【答案】 B
【考點(diǎn)】 推斷題。
【分析】 選項(xiàng)[A]中提到專業(yè)化和職業(yè)化之間幾乎沒有區(qū)別，而實(shí)際上，它們指的是不同的領(lǐng)域和方向，specialization針對研究對象，professionalization針對研究者，因此可以排除。選項(xiàng)[C]說專業(yè)人士看上去是歡迎業(yè)余人士加入科學(xué)團(tuán)體這種說法也是不對的，因?yàn)閷I(yè)化的發(fā)展使得業(yè)余人士受到排擠。[D]選項(xiàng)明顯錯誤，因?yàn)槲闹刑岬郊扔腥珖缘膶W(xué)術(shù)協(xié)會，又有地方性的學(xué)術(shù)協(xié)會。第三段指出局部的研究只有在能被納入并反映出更廣泛研究框架的時候，才為專業(yè)人士所接受。這說明，某些方面的研究是為專業(yè)研究者所認(rèn)可的，同時說明了業(yè)余研究與職業(yè)研究并存的狀況。既然是并存的，就說明在某個地方是可以競爭的。因此選擇[B]。
23. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate______。
作者提到地質(zhì)學(xué)發(fā)展是為了說明______。
[A] the process of specialization and professionalization
專業(yè)化和職業(yè)化的過程
[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study
業(yè)余人士在科學(xué)研究方面的艱辛
[C] the change of policies in scientific publications
科技出版政策的變化
[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs
職業(yè)人士對業(yè)余人士的歧視
【答案】 A
【考點(diǎn)】 作者目的題。
【分析】 根據(jù)題干地質(zhì)學(xué)發(fā)展定位到第二段末尾和第三段，第三段主要講的是地質(zhì)學(xué)的發(fā)展;以及第四段第一句雖然職業(yè)化和專業(yè)化過程早在19世紀(jì)已在英國的地質(zhì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域展開，但直到20世紀(jì)我們才看到其全面影響，因此可以判斷這里的正確答案是[A]。[B]選項(xiàng)認(rèn)為是業(yè)余研究者在科學(xué)研究方面的艱辛。例子中雖然提到了專業(yè)化給業(yè)余研究者帶來的不利影響. 但是從整體來看，那個不是重點(diǎn)，地質(zhì)學(xué)的例子主要是為了說明專業(yè)化和職業(yè)化過程的形成及其影響。
24. The direct reason for specialization is _______. 造成專業(yè)化的直接原因是_______。
[A] the development in communication 交流的發(fā)展
[B] the growth of professionalization 職業(yè)化的發(fā)展
[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge 科學(xué)知識的擴(kuò)展
[D] the splitting up of academic societies 學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)體的分化
【答案】 C
【考點(diǎn)】 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【分析】 本題要求考生找出現(xiàn)象間的因果關(guān)系。全文開篇就指出，專業(yè)化過程可以被看做是對日益積累的科學(xué)知識的反應(yīng)。這句話的含義實(shí)際上就是科學(xué)知識的積累促進(jìn)了專業(yè)化。因此可以判定[C]是正確選項(xiàng)。[A]選項(xiàng)是不對的，因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)其中的交流一詞可以定位到第一段，文中提到專業(yè)化影響了交流過程，而不是反之。[B]不對，專業(yè)化是隨著知識的`進(jìn)一步分類而產(chǎn)生的，是和職業(yè)化同時產(chǎn)生的，不是其成因。[D]為專業(yè)化的結(jié)果。
難句解析：
1. Nevertheless, the wordamateurdoes carry aconnotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into thescientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的主句是the wordamateurdoes carry a connotation，后面有一個that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，解釋connotation，而這個同位語從句中有兩個并列謂語。
2. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of sciencebased especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can beillustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的主干是The trend was naturally most obvious and can beillustrated。主語是the trend，兩個謂語部分為was obvious和can be illustrated。前一個部分中based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training是過去分詞做后置定語修飾areas of science。
3. The overall result has been to make entrance to professionalgeological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced bythe widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in thenineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentiethcentury。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是The overall result has been to do sth。逗號后面只是一個名詞性的短語，其關(guān)鍵詞是a result，是前面句子主語的同位語，在其內(nèi)部主要是一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，而定語從句中又有兩個并列的狀語first by..., and then by.。.。
4. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professionalgeologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies,whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to cometogether nationally in a different way。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】這是一個并列句，由whereas連接兩個分句，說明了兩種情況，前一個分句的主干是A process of differentiation has led to professional geologists，而后面說theamateurs have tended either to remainor to come。
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