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考研英語總結 常見近義詞辨析
[www.shangyepx.com]為了方便同學們的單詞歸納復習,英語教研中心現(xiàn)對常見近義詞進行歸納講解。1、blunder, error, mistake這一組詞都表示"錯誤"。blunder n. (因為無知、疏忽犯下的)大錯,愚蠢的錯誤。
I think that I committed a blunder in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.這位女士由于我的問題感到很難過,我感覺到犯了一個大錯。error n.指判斷、計算或行為上的錯誤,也指智力或道義上的錯誤。
The accident was the result of human error.這事故是人為的錯誤造成的。mistake n.誤會,誤解;(粗心、遺忘所導致的)錯誤。
I took your bag instead of mine by mistake.我錯拿了你的手提包。2、brittle, fragile, frail, crisp, invalid都有"弱"的意思。brittle a.易碎的,易損壞的,通常是指堅硬的東西。
The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.老年人的骨頭變得脆弱,很容易骨折。fragile a.常常修飾使用時必須小心才不會破碎的東西,也引申為體弱的,虛弱的。
He 's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.他參加了昨晚的聚會以后,現(xiàn)在感覺有些虛弱。frail a. (指人)體弱的,虛弱的,也可以指東西易碎的。
His mother has grown old and frail.他母親已經(jīng)年老體弱。crisp a.指食品的松脆;清新的,爽快的;活躍的,有生氣的,干凈利落的。
crispbiscuit松脆的餅干
The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teacher's question.學生干凈利落地回答了老師的問題。invalid a.不正確的,缺乏證據(jù)的;無效的,作廢的。作名詞時,表示病弱者,傷殘者,久病者。
Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.你關于最早的人類的觀點很有意思,但是缺乏證據(jù)。
A bad car accident made him an invalid.一次嚴重的車禍使他變成了殘疾。3、boundary, border, frontier, rim, verge "邊界"意思。boundary n.邊界;界線。多指作為界線的標識物等。
The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers.這道柵欄是我的地和她的地的分界線。border n.較寬的邊緣,邊界,多指兩國或兩地之間的分界處附近的邊緣地區(qū)、邊界地帶;也可以指物體的邊緣等。
We crossed the Mexican border into the USA.我們穿過墨西哥邊界進入美國境內(nèi)。frontier n.邊界,邊境,邊疆,指靠近邊界(boundary)的區(qū)域;也可引申為"未開發(fā)的領域","(學術的)前沿"等。
The American West was still a frontier a century ago.一個世紀以前美國西部還是一片邊疆。She is a biochemist who works on the frontiers of biology.她是從事生物學前沿研究的生化學家。rim n.邊,邊緣,尤指圓形或近似圓形的物體的邊緣。verge n. (道路、花壇等長草的)邊緣,引申"某事即將發(fā)生之際"。
on the verge of war戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)之際4、brief, concise, curt, succinct都有"簡短的"意思。brief a.簡明扼要的,簡短的,指時間短暫,辦事利索,態(tài)度明了等;有時含有"雖短但卻不失全面"的意味。
The manager made a brief statement to open the meeting.經(jīng)理致了簡短的開幕詞。concise a. (文字等的)簡要、精練,常含有保留主要部分的意思。
His letter was concise, omitting everything not pertinent to the job.他的信寫得簡明扼要,省略掉了所有與該項工作無關的部分。curt a.三言兩語的,簡短的,常含有"草率"的意思。
He asked his boss a question, but got a curt reply , "I have no time for you now!"他問老板一個問題,但是老板草率的說:"我沒時間搭理你。"succinct a.簡明的,簡潔的,簡練的,尤指用詞簡練,除含有concise的意思外,還有經(jīng)過壓縮的或簡化的意思。
succinct summary of the argument論點的概要5、bush, shrub, jungle
這一組詞均與樹木有關。bush n.矮樹叢。shrub n.有木莖的灌木,灌木叢。jungle n.熱帶稠密的雨林或叢林。6、certify, rectify, testify, verify形近易混詞。certify v.證明,聲稱是真的。
He certified it was his wife's handwriting.他證明那是他妻子的手跡。rectify v.改正,糾正;整頓。
He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通過改變措辭糾正了合同里的錯。testify v. (在法庭上)宣誓作證;表明。
He is the only person who can testify in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.其他的證人已經(jīng)被神秘地殺害,他成為這件案例中唯一可以作證的人。verify v. (用事實)證實或核實。
I verified the store's address by calling to check it.我打電話詢問,以核實商店的地址。7、compel, constrain, force, oblige都有"強迫"的意思。compel v.強迫,迫使,常表示運用權利、力量迫使對方做某事;有時也表示"別無辦法,不得不做"。
His illness compelled him to stay in bed.他的病迫使他臥床休息。constrain v.力勸,強迫,與compel意思相近,但更多強調內(nèi)心情感(如道德、憐憫等)的強迫和限制作用,一般用于正式的場合。
As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained by the same rules of social conduct as other people.他認為自己是藝術家,不必象一般人那樣要受到社會行為準則的約束。force v.強迫,迫使,暴力威脅的意味較濃,常用于被動語態(tài)。
The thief forced her to hand over the money.強盜逼迫她把錢交出來。oblige v. (因法律、習俗等)強迫,迫使,常常用于被動。
We are obliged to stop the car at a red light.我們遇到紅燈時必須停車。8、complaint, disorder
這兩個詞都有"疾病"的意思。complaint n.疾病(主要指病人去看病時向醫(yī)生描述的病癥,既可以是小病、慢性病,也可以是傳染性疾病);抱怨,埋怨,不滿。
a heart complaint心臟病disorder n. (精神或肉體的)疾病(著重于身心、機能的失調、不平衡);騷亂,動亂;混亂,雜亂。
a disorder of the digestive system消化系統(tǒng)疾病9、complement, supplement,append"補充"complement n.補充,補充物,主要指補充不足使之完美。
Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish.有咖喱的菜配米飯最棒。supplement n.增補,補充,補貼,主要指另外補加,增補。One year after we made our report, we had to add a supplement to cover new events.我們在報告完成一年之后,必須增補一個包含新事件的附加部分。append n.附加,添上或補充某事物(尤指文字)。
The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律師在合同后又附加了兩頁。10、component, element, factor, ingredient"組成成分"component n.零部件;(某事物的)組成部分;成分。
Tires, the engine, the body, and the seats are component of a car.輪胎,引擎,車身以及坐椅都是一輛汽車的零部件。element n.元素;組成部分,方面;某特定的人或群體,分子。
The elements hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.氫元素和氧元素構成了水。
He belongs to a bad element in this city.他屬于這個城市的壞分子。factor n.因素,要素,側重指原因。
Endurance is an important factor in success in sports.耐力是體育比賽成功的一個重要因素。ingredient n.原料,成分,要素。
Flour, milk, butter and yeast are some ingredients in bread.面粉、牛奶、黃油和酵母是做面包的一些原料。11、comprise, compose, consist, constitute, include
這一組動詞都有"組成,包含"的意思。comprise v.包含,包括,由……組成(整體);組成,構成。
Our company's product line comprises 2,500 different items.我們公司的生產(chǎn)線是由2,500個不同的組成部分構成的。compose v.構成(整體),組成;由……組成(后接of,常用于被動語態(tài));創(chuàng)作(作曲、詩歌等)。
The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.委員會主要由教師和學生家長組成。consist v.組成,構成,由……組成(后接of,常用于主動語態(tài));(后接in)在于,存在于。
The problem consists of two parts.問題由兩部分組成。
The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.這計劃的好處就在于簡單易行。constitute v.構成,組成(整體)。
Crime and illegal drugs constitute the city's major problems.犯罪和非法毒品買賣是這個城市面臨的主要問題。include v.包括,包含,把……列入。
The conference delegates included representatives from abroad.大會代表中有來自海外的代表。12、concentrate, focus都有"集中"的意思。concentrate v.集中,集中精力(后接on,賓語可以是具體或抽象的東西);濃縮,壓縮。
During exams, students concentrate hard on answering the questions.考試期間,同學們集中精力回答問題。focus v.集中(于某事物);將(注意力等)集中于……(后接on,賓語一般不是具體的東西)。
Please focus your minds on the following problem.請集中考慮以下問題。13、confinement, limitation, res
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