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2024考研英語,歷年真題長難句解析
在平平淡淡的日常中,大家一定都接觸過一些使用較為普遍的句子吧,句子由詞或詞組部分和語調所表示的語氣部分組成。那么什么樣的句子才更具感染力呢?下面是小編為大家收集的2024考研英語,歷年真題長難句解析,希望能夠幫助到大家。
考研英語,歷年真題長難句解析 1
1. Actually, it isnt, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
【譯文】 事實并非如此,因為這種問法是以人們對人的權利有共同認識為基礎的,而這種共同認識并不存在。
【析句】這是一個主從復合句,主語是it isnt,省略了表語,完整的說法是it isnt a useful, ground-clearing way to start. because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights是一個表示原因的狀語從句,其表語an agreed account of human rights跟了一個定語從句which is something the world doesnt have。注意狀語從句中的主語it指代上文的the question,it assumes意思是“這種問題(問法)是假定的”。
【講詞】 account一詞的正確理解是翻譯的關鍵。an agreed account of human rights意思是“an agreed understanding of human rights”。
agreed意為“一致的”。This is the agreed price at which the stock will be traded.(這是股票交易的約定價格。)They met at the agreed time.(他們按約定時間見面。)
2. Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.
【譯文】 有些哲學家論證說,權利只存在在于社會契約中,是責任與權益相交換的一部分。
【析句】 Some philosophers argue是句子的主干,賓語是一個從句,介詞短語as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements是rights的后置定語。
【講詞】 social contract意為“社會契約”,也可譯為“民約論”或“社會契約論”,指社會成員之間或政府與人民之間確定和限制各自權利和義務的.協議。
duty意為“義務,職責”,與obligation和responsibility同義。obligation通常指特定原因而產生的具體限制,responsibility強調履行義務,duty指出于道德或倫理的考慮而受到的限制。
entitle的基本意思是“給……題名,給……稱號;給予……權利; 使……有資格(做某事)”。
I think she is entitled to praise.(我看她值得贊揚。)
The book is entitled Natural Cancer Treatments.(這本書的名稱是《癌癥自然療法》。)
The civil servants in our country are entitled to free medical care.(我們國家的公務員享受免費醫(yī)療。)而entitlements意為“權利”。
3. It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans,or with no consideration at all.
【譯文】這種說法從一開始就將討論引向兩個極端,它使人們認為應這樣對待動物:要么像對人類自身一樣關切體諒,要么完全冷漠無情。
【析句】主句是It leads the discussion to extremes,at the outset作時間狀語。冒號后面的成分是對主句進一步說明,其賓語是一個that引導的從句,而在這個從句中,either…or…是一個介詞短語,作方式狀語。
【講詞】consideration意為“體諒,考慮;需要考慮的事項”。Your proposal is under consideration.(你的提議正在考慮之中。)Face is a big consideration for Chinese.(中國人非常重面子。)He showed no consideration for his wife.(他從不體諒他的妻子。)
extend意為“延伸;延長;擴大;給予”。The bank has promised to extend your company credit.(銀行已經答應向你們公司提供信用貸款。)The wet weather extended into September.(潮濕陰雨的天氣延續(xù)到九月份。)Please accept our sincere thanks for the courtesy extended to our company.(對我們一行所受到的禮遇,我們由衷表示謝意。)
4. Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect,extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.
【譯文】 這類極端主義者認為人與動物在各相關方面都不相同,對待動物無須考慮道德問題。
【析句】 現在分詞結構(Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect)作狀語,主干結構是extremists of this kind think,賓語是一個從句。
animals lie outside the area of moral choice直譯是“動物是在道德選擇的范疇之外”,即“對待動物無須考慮道德問題”。
【講詞】 respect作名詞時除了“尊重”之外,還可表示“方面”,例如:In many respects this is an important decision.(這在許多方面都是一項重要的決定。)In this respect,I would argue that this is the only decision which could have been made.(從這一方面來說,我認為這是唯一可作的決定。)
5. When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
【譯文】 這種反應并不錯,這是人類用道德觀念進行推理的本能在起作用,這種本能應得到鼓勵,而不應遭到嘲弄。
【析句】 句子分兩個部分,以冒號隔開。在前一部分中,主干是it is not a mistake,When that happens作時間狀語。在后一部分中,it is mankind’s instinct是主干結構,介詞短語for moral reasoning in action作mankind’s instinct的后置定語,an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at是mankind’s instinct的同位語,其中that引導了一個定語從句,修飾an instinct。
【講詞】 instinct意為“直覺”。We sometimes act on instinct.(我們有時憑直覺行動。)Trust your instincts and do what you think is right.(相信你的直覺,按你自己認為對的去做。)
reasoning意為“推理”。His close reasoning gave fibre to his argument.(他嚴密的邏輯使他的論點強勁有力。)SuperKids has created a small collection of classic mind?challenging games that focus on spatial reasoning.(“超級兒童”制作了一小部分經典的智力游戲,考察空間推理能力。)
6. Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes”, makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth.
【譯文】 很多用來描述貨幣政策的詞,如“引導經濟軟著陸”,“觸動經濟剎車”,聽起來像是一門精確的科學。事實遠非如此。
【析句】 在第一個句子中,其主干為Much of the language…,makes it sound like…。used to describe monetary policy是用于修飾language的定語,后面的such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes”對前面的language作進一步說明。第二個句子是一個簡單句。
【講詞】 soft landing是一個經濟術語,意為“軟著陸”。
Nothing could be further from the truth意思是“沒有什么比這更遠離事實”,即“事實遠非如此”或“情況并非如此”。
monetary與financial同義,意為“貨幣的;經濟的”,但后者更涉及大規(guī)模金錢的交易。The monetary system of certain countries used to be based on gold.(某些國家的貨幣制度過去一直是金本位的。)
考研英語,歷年真題長難句解析 2
一、長難句訓練題
1、Creating a "European identity" that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice-that of producing programs in Europe for Europe.
2、The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by mounting evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite from Mars.
3、It has also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively, there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically: Why should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious?
4、You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories.
5、Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
二、長難句訓練題解析
1、
解析:
句子的主干是Creating a "European identity" is no easy task and demands a strategic choice。第一個that是定語從句的關系代詞,引導定語從句來修飾European identity;而第二個that即that of producing …,這個that 就是一個指示代詞,指前文出現過的名詞choice。which引導定語從句修飾different cultures and traditions。
參考譯文:
不同的文化和傳統把歐洲大陸編制成一體,要創(chuàng)造出一種尊重這些不同文化和傳統的"歐洲品牌"絕非易事,需要人們做出戰(zhàn)略性的選擇,即選擇在歐洲為歐洲做節(jié)目。
2、
解析:
主句為:The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by… and by…。主句主語的結構為: The issue of whether…and whether…。of 短語修飾the issue, that the Red Planet…是evidence的同位語從句,(即是evidence的具體內容)。that bacterial fossils…是suggestions的同位語從句,說明suggestions的具體內容。)
參考譯文:
越來越多的證據表明,這個紅色行星上曾經有穩(wěn)定而豐富的液態(tài)水,而且人們對從火星落到地球上的細菌化石隕石的說法一直有爭論,這使火星上是否存在過生命和是否至今仍有生命的問題成為了引人注目的重點。
3、
解析:
主句為:It has also been proposed。That…for studying them scientifically是主語從句,是形式主語it的真主語。because we know so much about people intuitively是這個主語從句中嵌套的'原因狀語從句。冒號后面是一個簡單句,對前面內容起解釋說明作用。)
參考譯文:
還有解釋說,正是由于我們對人的直覺了解太多,所以我們沒有科學地研究這些直覺的動力:對于顯而易見之事,人們?yōu)槭裁匆⒁环N理論、進行系統的觀察或是作一些預言呢?
4、
解析:
主句為:You have all heard it repeated, 后面三個that引導的賓語從句是it形式賓語的具體內容。這三個that從意義上可以看作一系列連續(xù)的動作。
參考譯文:
你們都多次聽說過,科學家是用歸納法和演繹法工作的,而且從某種意義上來說,他們依靠這種方法力求從自然界歸納出某些自然規(guī)律,然后根據這些規(guī)律,用自己的某種非同一般的本領,建立起他們的理論。
5、
解析:
本句的主干即是Behaviorists suggest that ...;that引導suggest的賓語從句,動詞是will experience;who引導修飾child的定語從句,動詞為is raised;where引導修飾environment的定語從句,動詞為are;which引導修飾stimuli的定語從句,動詞為develop。
參考譯文:
行為主義者的看法是,如果一個兒童在有許多刺激物的環(huán)境里成長,而這些刺激物能夠發(fā)展其做出適當反應的能力,那么,這個兒童將會有更高的智力發(fā)展。
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