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考研英語(yǔ)閱讀點(diǎn)撥 小心題設(shè)陷阱
考研考試，一篇400字文章大約可以在18-20分鐘內(nèi)容讀完。作為更高級(jí)一點(diǎn)的考試，考研在文章字?jǐn)?shù)增加不多的情況下，時(shí)間卻增加了100%，為什么?是為了降低難度嗎?肯定不是，四、六級(jí)考試是水平性考試，考研是選拔性考試，隨著考研人數(shù)的增加，考研的難度只有可能增加，不可能降低。實(shí)際上，這增加的差不多10分鐘時(shí)間是給考生用于思考的�？佳锌荚嚨囊粋�(gè)最大特征就是題目設(shè)計(jì)精密，干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)具有很強(qiáng)的迷惑性。
考研考試中文章之外干擾考生選擇正確選項(xiàng)的方式很多，筆者將題干中的干擾設(shè)置方式進(jìn)行詳盡的分析，并且總結(jié)出一些規(guī)律。希望能在最后沖刺階段幫助廣大考生再度提高分?jǐn)?shù)。
隨著廣大學(xué)子對(duì)于考研重要性的認(rèn)識(shí)越來(lái)越深刻，準(zhǔn)備考研的時(shí)間越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)，考研中已經(jīng)很少出現(xiàn)那些“裸考”的考生。大部分考生在準(zhǔn)備考研的過(guò)程中，都能夠做到掃清詞匯和語(yǔ)法障礙。但是在掃清了詞匯和語(yǔ)法障礙之后，廣大考生很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)在閱讀部分出現(xiàn)一個(gè)瓶頸，基本上都是5對(duì)2，或者5對(duì)3，很難繼續(xù)進(jìn)步。而且很多文章都是讀懂了，但是題目還是做錯(cuò)了，看了答案也還不知道為什么做錯(cuò)的。這就是我們常說(shuō)的，“死不瞑目”。
就如上文所分析的，參加過(guò)四、六級(jí)考試的考生過(guò)來(lái)準(zhǔn)備考研需要有一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)變。那就是從快速答題，到低速謹(jǐn)慎答題的一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)變。參加過(guò)四、六級(jí)考試的考生在參加考研的時(shí)候普遍有一個(gè)習(xí)慣就是快速讀過(guò)考題的題干，甚至是不讀題干�；蛘甙凑兆约侯^腦中對(duì)于題目的印象來(lái)答題或者根據(jù)對(duì)于文章的判斷來(lái)答題。這在考研中是致命的，這樣說(shuō)基于兩個(gè)原因。
1、考研考試中干擾設(shè)置不是憑空出現(xiàn)，或多或少在文章中都會(huì)提到，如果僅以在文章是否提到來(lái)判斷的話，一定會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)。
2、考研考試一種命題模式是題干中限定答案的范圍。如果忽略這種范圍，解題必錯(cuò)。
下面就幾道考研真題來(lái)具體說(shuō)明題干中需要注意的信息
What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America -- breakthroughs such as the telegraph， the steamboat and the weaving machine?
Among the many shaping factors， I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal， “spatial” thinking about things technological. (1996)
1.According to the author， the great outburst of major inventions in early America was in a large part due to ________. [A] elementary schools [B] enthusiastic workers
[C] the attractive premium system [D] a special way of thinking
The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured， cooperative creatures， and they share their food tardily. Above all， like their female human counterparts， they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. (2005)
2.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are ________.
[A] more inclined to weigh what they get
[B] attentive to researchers’ instructions
[C] nice in both appearance and temperament
[D] more generous than their male companions
這兩道題共同的特點(diǎn)就是題干中都有一個(gè)表示程度的限定詞，第一道題中的限定詞是in large part，第二道題中的限定詞是most。這兩個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的出現(xiàn)本身就有一重暗示，選項(xiàng)中應(yīng)該有不止一個(gè)原因，但是這道題目要求回答出其中最重要的。第一道題會(huì)原文定位可以發(fā)現(xiàn)定位句“I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal， “spatial” thinking about things technological.”中含有四個(gè)并列成分1 excellent elementary schools;2a labor force;3the practice of giving premiums to inventors;4 the American genius for nonverbal， “spatial” thinking about things technological.
這四個(gè)內(nèi)容在選項(xiàng)中都有出現(xiàn)。很多同學(xué)會(huì)因?yàn)橄热霝橹鞯乃季S習(xí)慣選擇A。但是注意到了題干中的限定信息，要求找其中影響最大的。我們就要比照四個(gè)因素哪個(gè)影響最大。原文中的第四點(diǎn)前出現(xiàn)了above all，這個(gè)短語(yǔ)表示最重要的是。所以此題應(yīng)該選擇D.
類似的2005年的考題中也出現(xiàn)了同樣的情況，題干中出現(xiàn)most.選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了列舉。They look cute. They are good-natured， cooperative creatures， and they share their food tardily. Above all， like their female human counterparts， they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. 這些列舉也分別被設(shè)計(jì)成了干擾項(xiàng)。但是其中受到強(qiáng)調(diào)的是above all 后面的這個(gè)因素。like their female human counterparts， they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. 所以此題答案為D
從上面的分析可以看出，閱讀理解并不是簡(jiǎn)單的讀懂文章就可以把題作對(duì)。還要能夠?qū)徢孱}目，理解題目要求。一般來(lái)講，題干中出現(xiàn)，表示時(shí)間，范圍，程度，先后次序的詞語(yǔ)需要考生謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)待。很有可能成為命題人精心設(shè)計(jì)的陷阱。
下面幾個(gè)題干供廣大考生回去練習(xí)。
請(qǐng)仔細(xì)觀察題干，標(biāo)示出其中限定性的詞語(yǔ)。
1、According to the passage， one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job because ___
2、The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than ________.
3、In the eyes of visitors from the outside world， ________.
4、The passage shows that the author is ________ the present situation.
5、The census distinguished itself from previous studies on population movement in that ________.
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