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考研英語(yǔ)：從出題角度看圖表作文的謀篇布局
一、出題形式
例1題目：Changesin People’s Diet
Studythe following table carefully and your composition must be based on theinformation given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:
1.statethe changes in people’s diet(飲食)inthe past five years;
2.givepossible reasons for the changes;
3.drawyour own conclusions.
Youshould quote as few figures as possible.
例2題目：CarAccidents Declining in Walton City
Rememberthat your composition must be written according to the following outline;
1.Riseand fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;
2.Possiblereason(s)for the decline of car accidents in the city;
3.Yourpredictions of what will happen this year.
Yourcomposition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figuresas possible.
例3 For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Health Gain inDeveloping Countries. Your composition must be no less than 120 words and youshould base your composition on the following instructions(given in Chinese):
1.以下圖為依據(jù)描述發(fā)展中國(guó)家的期望壽命(lifeexpectancy)和嬰兒死亡率(infantmortality)的變化情況
2.說(shuō)明引起變化的各種原因
從以上例子可見，圖表作文一般在題目中給出作文的標(biāo)題和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)表格、圓形圖、曲線圖或條形圖，有時(shí)還用英文或中文提綱的形式給出提示，要求我們：
1)用文字描述圖表，客觀解釋圖表中所傳遞的信息，并找出某種規(guī)律或趨勢(shì);
2)就圖表中所反映的某種趨勢(shì)或問(wèn)題分析其原因或后果。
二、寫作要領(lǐng)
圖表作文著重說(shuō)明事實(shí)，常常是通過(guò)對(duì)圖表中所反映的具體數(shù)據(jù)的說(shuō)明、分析、比較，對(duì)某種事物或現(xiàn)象的事實(shí)或變化情況等加以說(shuō)明，并提出結(jié)論或看法。因此，圖表作文常常采用議論文體的寫作方法。寫好圖表作文，關(guān)鍵在于能否讀懂圖表中所提供的信息，把握各信息間的聯(lián)系，用準(zhǔn)確流暢的語(yǔ)言把這一信息表達(dá)出來(lái)，并就這一信息發(fā)表自己的看法。
三、寫作步驟
寫圖表作文時(shí)，要注意遵循以下步驟：
1)認(rèn)真分析圖表的含義，弄清圖表中所含的信息及不同信息間的關(guān)系;
2)確定文章的主題思想，構(gòu)思出文章的基本框架，篩選出能說(shuō)明圖表主題思想的典型數(shù)據(jù);
3)編列文章的提綱;
4)根據(jù)文章的提綱，將各段的提綱內(nèi)容擴(kuò)展成段落，然后將各個(gè)段落組成文章，注意段與段之間的銜接與過(guò)渡;
5)檢查與修改。
四、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
寫圖表作文時(shí)，常采用三段式的謀篇方式。文章的第一段往往分析圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)變化反映什么問(wèn)題或趨勢(shì)，概述圖表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成這一問(wèn)題或趨勢(shì)的原因。第三段則展望未來(lái)的情況或提出解決問(wèn)題的辦法或建議。這一結(jié)構(gòu)可以簡(jiǎn)單地表述為：
第一段：概述圖表反映的主題思想
第二段：分析產(chǎn)生的原因
第三段：展望未來(lái)或提出方法或建議
五、作文模版(一)
問(wèn)題解決型
As is shown in thepicture(graphcartoontable)，itgoes without saying that the drawing aims at revealing a common problem(in China):______.Itsstatus as the focus of public concern mainly results from its profoundinfluence on individuals, collective and even the whole world. Each of usshould attach high emphasis on solving it.
As a matter of fact, the symbolicmeaning the picture conveys is deep and profound. Naturally and necessarily, thereare two major ways coping with this problem. The first way to tackle it is toappeal to authorities to take measures. Once achieving the success of solvingthe problem, the whole society also thrives/makes progress. Solving the problemcan accelerate better individuals’development. The other way that is worthadopting is to work out new laws. Where there are better laws, there are morehopes, vitality and development. These advisable laws eventually bringseconomic prosperity and social harmony. Finally, I can safely come to theconclusion that it is high time we enhanced the awareness of people that is everyvital to us. Only by these means can we succeed in solving the problem in thenear future.(1 Therefore, measures should be taken to terminate theridiculous affair. First and foremost, governments should establish someregulations to prohibit enterprises and people from making such misdeeds. What’s more, people should get ready to pass criticism upon such misdeedsanytime and anywhere. After all, it is necessary to develop our societyby performing hard work instead of talking nonsense.
In my opinion, it is imperative that we should take some drasticactions. On the one hand, we should appeal to our authorities to enact concrete laws to controlcommercial fishing. On theother hand, we should enhance people's awareness that oceanresources are vital to us and the ecological balance will be guaranteedwith the strategy of sustainable development. Only by doing so can we effectively protect our naturalresources. Also I am convincedthat we humans can overcome this difficulty and we will have a brightfuture.)
To conclude, we should not yieldto mediocrity regardless of seemingly insurmountable obstacles. So the prospectwe are looking forward to will be bright and encouraging.
作文模版(二)
正面現(xiàn)象歌頌型1
As is shown in thepicture(graphcartoontable), it goes without saying that the drawing aims atrevealing a common problem(inChina):______. It has attractedextensive attention of the society. Nowadays, increasingly more argumentationsabout it can be found in TV programs,newspapers,university classes and manyaspects of our everyday life.Its status as the focus of public concern mainlyresults from its profound influence on individuals, collective and even thewhole world.
First of all, ______________iscrucial for every individual.With its seemingly magic power, it can not onlyaccelerate better individuals’development, but serve as an efficient instrumentfor individuals to change the world. Those equipped with it are always admiredand respected, because it may endow them with more competence, chances, self-confidenceto overcome difficulties and handle problems.Those people appear to possess aspecial charm,bringing to others hope, passion and surprise,and,thus winningothers’favor and trust.It can directly promote the rapid progress of theorganization with its energy and indirectly spurs continuous development withthe good culture it generates.Through continuously promoting the socialproductivity, unceasingly improving the productive relationship, and graduallyenriching human material and spiritual wealth, ______________eventually bringseconomic prosperity and social harmony.
In short, where there isbetter______________, there are more hopes, vitality and development. When weare benefiting from it, we shall also do our utmost to maintain its vitality toensure ourselves a brighter future.
正面現(xiàn)象歌頌型2
As is vividly in the picture(s),itis a contemporary social issue in
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