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ing形式作狀語(yǔ)用法四注意
-ing形式作狀語(yǔ),可以表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。如:
Being a teacher, you should help your students in every way.(原因)
He died from a sudden traffic accident, leaving the experiment half-done (so that he left the experiment half-done).(結(jié)果)
Seeing my parents waving in the crowd, I went running to them.(時(shí)間;方式)
The students entered the classroom, following their English teacher.(伴隨)
Listening to English every day (If you listen to English every day), you’ll learn it well step by step. (條件)
學(xué)習(xí)ing形式作狀語(yǔ)的用法時(shí),需要注意以下四點(diǎn):
(一) 與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。
一般來(lái)說(shuō),-ing形式表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行;過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)、完成。試比較:
The enemy fled in a panic, leaving behind a lot of dead bodies and weapons.
Defeated and frightened, the enemy fled in a panic.
分析:前一例中的-ing形式短語(yǔ)在句子中作伴隨狀語(yǔ),它與其邏輯主語(yǔ)the enemy之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系;后一句中的過(guò)去分詞defeated和frightened表原因,它與其邏輯主語(yǔ)the enemy之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
(二) 關(guān)于邏輯主語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題。-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),一般情況下,其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與主句的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如:
Comparing all the great people with each other, you’ll find that they have much in common.
Finding her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help.(上海2001,28)
Having suffered from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.(上海2001春,38)
Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.(NMET 2001, 35)
分析:前三例中,-ing形式的邏輯主語(yǔ)均為主句的主語(yǔ)。最后一例中,having suffered的邏輯主語(yǔ)是the river,并不是主句的主語(yǔ)it。這種用法極為少見(jiàn),有的語(yǔ)法家稱(chēng)其為垂懸分詞,我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)中不宜模仿。
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