莊子無為思想的教育意蘊

中文摘要

本研究的目的在于挖掘、分析與傳統(tǒng)的儒家教育截然不同的，以

至于被忽視甚至誤解的莊子"無為"思想，并試圖建構(gòu)~個相對系統(tǒng)

的無為教育理論體系，并在此基礎(chǔ)上，審視我國目前的學(xué)校教育，通

過對莊子"無為"思想的借鑒與反思，以期為我們今天學(xué)校教育在教

育內(nèi)容、方法、手段、目標(biāo)方面存在的問題，提供一種全新的理論視

野及啟示。

莊子是我國古代自然主義教育的先驅(qū)。莊子認(rèn)為當(dāng)時的教育過多

的注重對受教育者的外在"作用"，而忽視了教育及受教育者自身的

特點與需要。在教育內(nèi)容方面所提倡的仁義、忠信等知識，既能使人

亂性，也會使人引起爭奪。在知識傳授方面實行單純的灌輸，在教育

中過分強調(diào)了教育者的地位。在教育目標(biāo)上更是趨向于取得實際功

用。針對教育中普遍存在的"有為"思想，莊子提出了"無為"的教

育主張。"道"是莊子思想的核心觀念，本文試以莊子崇尚"自然"

的知識觀出發(fā)，從道與自然、道與"有""無"、道與自由逐次遞進的

關(guān)系出發(fā)，建構(gòu)了一個系統(tǒng)的"無為"的教育理論體系，并以此為基

礎(chǔ)提出了莊子無為教育思想的內(nèi)涵：自然知識觀、無為教學(xué)觀和自由

人格論。

"無為"是實現(xiàn)個體自由、通達于道之境界的手段。"無為"就

是要讓自然或事物按自己的規(guī)律去運動，而不要人為地去妄加干涉。

反映在教育上，即不妄為，在教育實踐中遵循教育自身的規(guī)律和受教

育者自身的身心發(fā)展規(guī)律，因勢利導(dǎo)，因性任物使其A然化育，A然

發(fā)展，自然完成。"無為"在教育學(xué)上的積極意義是明顯的，不但給

現(xiàn)代教育中出現(xiàn)的某種程度的"強迫癥"開了一劑良方，而且使我們

再次重新界定教育本質(zhì)的問題，反思教育的本真。

本文共分五部分，第一部分是導(dǎo)論，簡要介紹本文的選題原因，

所針對的主要問題及研究方法，并對已有的文獻做研究綜述，并對"無

為"進行了概念上的界定。第二部分圍繞道與自然、道與"有""無"、

道與"游"的關(guān)系，闡述了莊子"無為"思想的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。第三部分

通過對認(rèn)識的局限性以及知與智關(guān)系，闡明了莊子的自然知識觀。第

四部分歸納了莊子在體道過程中對語言、技能及自身直覺體悟的獨特

理解。第五部分論述了莊子的自由理想人格及其對理想教育目標(biāo)的追

求。最后，通過對莊子所倡導(dǎo)的"無為"教育思想的評價，對當(dāng)前教

育存在的"妄為''進行理性反思。

關(guān)鍵詞：莊子；無為；教育

ABSTRACT This research tries to explore and analyse the ideas of¨Wu wei"of Chuang Tzu on education，which are completely different from those of traditional Confuciansm and are ignored and even misunderstood by the Previous researehes，and hopes to summarize them as arelatively systematic theoretical framework.Then，on the basis of this framework，

this research attempts to examine the current education in our country.

Refleet on its content and methods，SO as to find anew theoretic perspective and some enlightenment on solving such problems on education in schools.

Chuang Tzu is the precursor of naturalistic education.He believe that the education in that time is damaged by extrinsic factors，and at the expense of the needs and features on edcation and educatees.This contents of education advocated by the benevolence，faithful of such knowledge，both incited Original sin of people and will rise to fight another people.Imparting knowledge in the implementation of asimple indoctrination in educ ation，too much emphasis on the educator position.

Goals in education is also tend to achieve practical utility.For education，

prevalence of a"you-wei¨ideology.Chuang Tzu proposed the¨WU wei¨

education advocate.Taoism is the ideological core of the concept of Chuang Tzu，"Tao"as the basis ideals，from the¨Tao"and nature，

¨Tao¨with¨exist"and"nonexistence"，"Tao"and¨you"，the relationship between the departure，the system constructs an"wu wei"theory of education system and put forward the natural knowledge of the concept，

the teaching concept of inaction and free personality theory.

"Wu wei"is the way to for liberte individual and reach the realm of Tao.¨Wu wei¨is to make anatural or things according to the laws of their own movement，rather than artificially to make improper interference.In education，education theoretics and educational practice to follow its own laws and educated their own laws of physical and mental development，grasp this opportunity due to its natural genesis of any material，na tural development，natural completion."Wu wei¨in education on the positive significance is obvious，not only to appear in modern education，a degree of"obsessive-compulsive disorder，"opened arecipe，and SO we return to define the essence of education issues once again，and to reflect on education authentic.

This dissertation includes five parts，the first part is the Introduction，a brief description of the topics of the question，the main issues addressed and the research methodology，and review the existing research literature.The second part is based on the relationship with nature around the Tao，by understanding the limitations as well as the knowledge'S and the wisdom'S relations，explained Chuang Tzu'S view of natural knowledge.The third part is based on¨exist"and"nonexistence

"，summed up the process of approach Tao in language，skills and understanding through aunique understanding of their own.The fourth part，based on the relationship of Yao and the"You¨.between the start addresses Chuang Tzu'S ideal personality of its ideals and the pursuit of educational goals.The fifth part，is the reflection about¨Inaction"

theoretics on education and thinking on the current education in sch001.

Keywords：Chuang Tzu；Wu wei；education

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