四級作文必備句型
四級作文必備句型
1. "as good as…"相等于，就像，幾乎如;實際上，其實，實在。
The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him.
2."many as well…as"和"might as well …as" "many
as well…as"可譯為"與其……，不如……，更好"，"以這樣做……為宜"，"如同……，也可以……"等等。"might as well…as"表示不可能的事，可譯為"猶如……"，"可與……一樣荒唐"，"與其那樣不如這樣的好"等等。
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.
3. "so…that, such…that"是一個普通的句型，但在同一個句子里有兩處使用它卻比較少見。
The truth is, that in one point of view, this matter of national literature has come to such a pass with us, that in some sense we must turn bullies, else the day is lost, or superiority so far beyond us, that we can hardly say it will ever be ours.
4. "by doing…"結構。這個結構的意思是"通過(做)……"，但翻譯實踐中不能拘泥于這種釋義，不少情況下需要靈活變通。
5. "something(much)of"和"nothing(little)of"
"something of"相當于"to some extent"，表示程度。在疑問句或條件從句中，則為"anything of"，可譯為"有點"，"略微等。""譯為毫無"，"全無"."much of"譯為"大有"，"not much of"可譯為"算不上"，"稱不上"，"little of"可譯為"幾乎無".something like譯為"有點像，略似。"
They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.
6. 同格名詞修飾是指of前后的兩個名詞都指同一個人或物，"of"以及它前面的名詞構一個形容詞短語，以修飾"of"后面的那個名詞。如"her old sharper of a father"，可譯為："她那騙子般的父親".
Those pigs of girls eat so much.
7. as…as…can(may)be
It is as plain as plain can be.
8. "It is in(with)…as in(with)"
It is in life as in a journey.
9. "when"引導狀語從句有時并不好譯，不能一看到when從句就考慮譯為"當……的時候"，它還有許多種譯法。
Anything is better than not to write clearly. There is nothing to be said against lucidity, and against simplicity only the possibility of dryness. This is a risk that is well worth taking when you reflect how much better it is to be bold than to wear a curly wig.
10. "not…because…"，有時可否定前面，有時可否定because本身，往往出現(xiàn)歧義。應根據上下文面判定。
In 1600 the earth was not the center of the universe because the majority then supposed it was; nor, because she had more readers, was Ella wheeler Wilcox a better poet than Father Hopkins.
11."to make…of"的譯法(使……成為……，把……當作)
I will make a scientist of my son.
12. oo…+不定式"，not(never)too…+不定式"，"too…not+不定式
She is too angry to speak.
13. only(not, all, but, never) too …to do so 和"too ready (apt) + to do"結構中，不定式也沒有否定意義，凡是"not"，"all""but等字后+"too…to，"不定式都失去了否定意義，在"too ready(apt) +to do"結構中，不定式也沒有否定意義。
You know but too yell to hold your tongue.
14. "no more …than…"句型
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.
15. "not so much…as"和"not so much as …"結構，"not so much…as"="not so much as …"，其中as有進可換用but rather，可譯為："與其說是……毋須說是……".而"not so much as"="without(not)even，"可譯為"甚至……還沒有".
The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.
16. "Nothing is more…than"和"Nothing is so …as"結構，"Nothing is more…than"和"Nothing is so …as"都具有最高級比較的意思，"Nothing I"可換用"no"，"nobody"，"nowhere"，"little"，"few"，"hardly"，"scarcely"等等，可譯為"沒有……比……更為"，"像……再沒有了"，"最……"等。
Nothing is more precious than time.
17. "cannot…too…"結構,"cannot…too…"意為"It is impossible to overdo…"或者，即"無論怎樣……也不算過分"."not"可換用"hardly"，"scarcely"等，"too"可換用"enough"，"sufficient"等。
You cannot be too careful.
18. "否定+but "結構，在否定詞后面的"but"，具有"which not"，"who not"，"that not"，等等否定意義，構成前后的雙重否定。可譯成"沒有……不是"或"……都……"等。
Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.
19. "否定+until (till)"結構，在否定詞"no"，"not"，"never"，"little"，"few"，"seldom"等的后邊所接用的 "until/ till"，多數(shù)情況下譯為"直到……才……"，"要……才……"，把否定譯為肯定。
Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.
20. "not so…but"和"not such a …but"結構，這兩個結構和"否定+but"的結構差不多，不同之點是這兩個結構中的"but"是含有"that…not"意味的連續(xù)詞，表示程度�？勺g為"還沒有……到不能做……的程度"，"并不是……不……"，"無論怎樣……也不是不能……"等。
He is not so sick but he can come to school.
21. "疑問詞+should…but"結構，這個結構表示過去的意外的事，意為"none…but"，可譯為"除了……還有誰會……"，"豈料"，"想不到……竟是……"等。
Who should write it but himself?
22. "who knows but (that)…"和"who could should…but"結構，這個結構是反問形式，一般意譯為"多半"，"亦未可知"等等，有時也可直譯。
Who knows but (that) he may go?
23. "祈使句+and"和"祈使句+or"結構，"祈使句+and"表示"If…you…"，"祈使名+or"表示"if…not…，you.
24. "名詞+and"結構，在這個結構中，名詞等于狀語從句，或表示條件，或表示時間。
A word, and he would lose his temper.
25. "as…,so…"結構，這里的"so"的意思是"in the same way"(也是如此)。此結構表明兩個概念在程度上和關系上相似。
As rust eats iron, so care eats the heart.
26. "if any"結構，"if any"和"if ever"，意思是"果真有……"，"即使有……"，表示加強語氣。與此類似的還有："if anything"(如有不同的話，如果稍有區(qū)別)，"if a day"(=at least，至少)。
There is little, if any, hope.
27. "be it ever(never)so"和"let it be ever(never)so"結構，這里，"be it"中的"be"是古英語假設語氣的遺留形式，現(xiàn)代英語則使用"let it be"."ever so"和"never so"都表示同一意思，都表示"very".
Be it ever so humble (let it be ever so humble), home is home.
28. "the last+不定式"和"the last +定語從詞"結構，這種結構中的"last"意思是"the least likely"，用于否定性推論�？勺g為"最不大可能的"，"最不合適的"，由原意的"最后一個……"變成"最不可能……的一個".
He is the last man to accept a bride.
29. "so…that…"句型，這個句型的意思是"如此……，以致于……"，但在翻譯成漢語時，許多情況下，并不是一定要譯成"如此……以致于……"，而是變通表達其含義。
He ran so fast that nobody could catch him up.
30. "more + than+原級形容詞(副詞)"結構，這是將不同性質加以比較，其中的"more"有"rather"的意思。
It is more than probable that he will fall.
31. "more than +動詞"結構，這種結構表示動詞的程度，可譯為"異常"，"豈止"，"十二分地"等。
This more than satisfied me.
32. "good and …"的副詞用法，譯為"非常"，"很"等。類似還有"nice and …", "fine and …," "lovely and …", "bright and …", "rare and …", "big and …"等，均表示程度。
The apples are good and ripe.
33. "and that"結構，這個"and that"應譯為"而且……"，表示對它前面陳述部分的語氣加強，"that"代表前面的整個陳述部分。
Return to your work , and that at once.
34. "at once…and"結構，這個結構譯為"既……又……"，起相關連接的作用，相當于"both…and…".
The novel is at once pleasing and instructive.
35. "in that…"結構，這個結構的意思是"在那一點上(方面)"，可譯為"因為".類似的結構還有"in this…".
The budget is unrealistic in that it disregards increased costs.
36. "the name notwithstanding"結構，這個結構中"notwithstanding"是介詞，這個介詞可以置前，可以置后，比如也可寫成："notwithstanding the name".起讓步狀語的作用。
Some people think of the storage battery as a sort of condenser where electricity is stored. But this is an entirely wrong conception, the name notwithstanding.
37. "Every…not"和"All…not"結構，"Every…not"表示"不見得每個……都是……";"All…not"表示"不見得所有……都是……"的意思。
Every man is not polite, and all are not born gentlemen.
38. "may as well not…as"結構，此結構可譯為"與其……不如不……".
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly.
39. "have only to …do"結構，此結構表示"只須(消)……就能……"的意思。
We have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery made by Edison to see the significance of it.
40. "not (no) …unless…"句型
No increase in output can be expected unless a new assembly line is installed.
41. "better…than…"句型
Better my life should be ended by their hate, than that hated life should be prolonged to live without your love.
42. "as it were"是一個非常常用的插入語，意思是"好象"，"可以說"等。
Apiece of iron near a magnet, though apparently separate from it , feels, as it were, the threads of this attachment.
43. 復雜結構，在下面例句中，由于anyone的定語從句過長，把謂語must realize提到定語從句之前。
Though faith and confidence are surely more or lass foreign to my nature, I do not infrequently find myself looking to them to be able, diligent, candid, and even honest. Plainly enough, that is too large an order, as anyone must realize who reflects upon the manner in which they reach public office.
44. "not…any more than…"為："不能……，正如不能……".
One cannot learn to sketch and express himself graphically only by reading about it any more than one can learn to swim while standing by the pool.
45. "By that as it may"是"Let it be that as it may"的省略形式，是由"be"引起的另外一種假設結構，意思是"雖然如此，盡管這樣".
It is said that the nerve poison is the more primitive of the two, that the blood poison is, so to speak, a new product from an improved formula. Be that as it may, the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison.
46. "if at all"是一個由"if"引起的主謂結構不完整的短句結為"即將……"，"即使……"等。
I can see only with great difficulty, if at all.
47. 由there引起的句型容易產生復雜的句子結構.
There have been opened up to the vast and excellent science, in which my work is the beginning, ways and means by which other minds more accurate than wine will explore its remote corners.
48. "range from …to…"結構。這是一個常見結構，譯時很多情況下應變通處理，不能完全依靠辭典上的釋義。
Computer applications range from an assembly line completely run by computers to a children toy responding to remote signals.
49. "the way…"結構
I always thought she was a common-sense person who discussed things the way they ought to be discussed.
50. 復雜賓補結構
In recent years, the development of sensitive and accurate measuring equipment has made it possible to measure the acuity of hearing of any individual at different frequencies.
51. 某些分隔結構
1) 動詞短語相關部分被分隔(當"make use of "，"take notice of"，"pay attention to"，等動詞短語變成被動語態(tài)時)。
Use is made of solar energy in heating houses.
2)雙重定語引起的分隔。
But there is of culture another view, in which not solely the scientific passion, the sheer desire to see things as they are, natural and proper in an intelligent being, appears as the ground of it.
52. "to be doing…when…"是一個句型，多譯為"某人正在做……時，突然……".在簡單的句子中容易看出，一旦句子變得復雜一些，可能就不太容易識別這種句型。
She said she and a friend had gone out to dinner that night, and were walking home together at about 10 o'clock, when a "very big, very tall man", accosted them and demanded their purses.
53. "too…to"句型
Then I remembered how often I, too, had been indifferent to the grandeur of each day, too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the splendor of it all.
54. "so much that…"句型
But he developed gradually a very musical English. He learnt to write sentences that fall away on the ear with a misty languor and it delighted him so much that he could never have enough of it.
55. It作先行主語和先行賓語的一些句型
She had said what it was necessary to say.
56. 強調句型
It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us.
57. "All+抽象名詞"或"抽象名詞+itself"(very+形容詞)
He was all gentleness to her.
58. 利用詞匯重復表示強調
A crime is a crime a crime.
The hippos, by depositing dung in the water, fed the fish that support the storks that destroy the rare trees.
59. 下面例句為一倒裝句，主語很長，而且又含有非常復雜的句型。這是以形容詞作表語的倒裝，翻譯實踐中多把倒裝部分譯到最前面。
No less obvious is the fact there are great numbers of people so constituted or so brought up that they cannot get so much pleasure out of processes and experiences resulting in a poorer life less full of meaning.
60. "what…of"句型
I can not say of myself what Johnson said of Pope: He never passed a fault unamended by indifference, nor quitted it by despair. I do not write as I do; I write as I can.
61. 英語的一個習慣用法是：當否定謂語think(believe)時，實際上是否定其后面的賓語從句。否定就落在賓語從句上。這樣賓語從句就變成了雙重否定，譯時可以按雙重否定譯，也可按肯定來譯。
It is a valuable work. I do not think anyone writes so well that he cannot learn much from it.
62. "to have not…(as) to see…"中的不定式也有否定意味。
He had not the good breeding to see that simplicity and naturalness are the truest marks of distinction.
63. "It occurred to sb. that…"意為"突然想到"，"It dawned on sb.that…"."突然想起"等。 從句是想起的內容。
I remember once being on a bus and looking at a stranger. He suddenly looked back at me-i.e.our eyes met. My instinctive reaction was to avert my gaze. It occurred to me that if I had continued to maintain eye contact, I would have been rude and aggressive.
64. "It follows that…"="It happens as a result…"常常被譯為"由此可見"，"因此"，"從前"，"可以推斷"等等。
It follows that the housewife will also expect to be able to have more leisure in her life without lowering her standard of living. It also follows that human domestic servants will have completely ceased to exist.
65. "that's all there is to it"，意思是"也不過如此而已".可根據上下文視情況處理。
If I'm touched, I'm touched-that's all there is to it.
66. "The chances are that…"是一句型，譯為"有可能……".
The chances are you will never attempt that speed with poetry or want to race though some passages in fiction over which you wish to linger.
67. Feel, see, leave引起賓語的賓語補足語，或在被動語態(tài)中引起主語補足語的某些慣用句型，有時see和feel這兩個詞的被動式不大好譯。遇到這種情況應挖掘其深層含義，不要拘泥于表面形式。
The education of the young is seen to be of primary importance.
68. 某此以no, nowhere, never, not…bout, not…any, nothing but, hardly, scarcely, seldom等否定詞語引出的一些結構。
I never go past the theatre but I think of his last performance.
69. 某些用choice between, to know better, whether or, should have avoided(或done better)等表示從兩種做法中選取一種更好的做法。
Then we are faced with a choice between using technology to provide and fulfil needs which have hitherto been regarded as unnecessary or, on the other hand, using technology to reduce the number of hours of work which a man must do in order to earn a given standard of libing.
70. 某些省略情況，應清單確認省略的內容。
The country had grown rich, its commerce was large, and wealth did its natural work in making life softer and more worldly, commerce in deprovincializing the minds of those engaged in it.
71. 修飾成分(包括定語、定語從句、同位語從句等)多而長。
Across the court from the Manhattan apartment that I have occupied for the past few years is a dog that often hurls insults into the darkness, a few of which my dog refuses to accept and makes a tart reply.
72. 一些外位語，所謂外位修飾，指從句子結構和內容上不起主要信息表達功能的部分。其作用是從語氣和連接上下文等方面進行補充。在翻譯成漢語時，往往可獨立成句，外形上不保留修飾的痕跡。
Of course, nobody was hurt this time, because we had all been to dinner, none of us being novices excepting Hastings; and he having been informed by the minister at the time that he invited him that in deference to the English custom the had not provided any dinner.
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