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小學(xué)英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)

時(shí)間:2024-04-29 04:29:12 學(xué)人智庫 我要投稿

小學(xué)英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)

  英語語法的敘述,講究科學(xué)性,追求嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。今天小編為大家收集整理的是小學(xué)英語語法相關(guān)內(nèi)容,希望大家喜歡,歡迎閱讀參考。

小學(xué)英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)

  1.人稱代詞

  主格: I we you she he it they

  賓格: me us you her him it them

  形容詞性物主代詞:my our your her his its their

  名詞性物主代詞: mine ours yours hers his its theirs

  2.形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)

  (1) 一般在形容詞或副詞后+er

  older taller longer stronger, etc

  (2) 多音節(jié)詞前+more

  more interesting, etc.

  (3) 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母,再+er

  bigger fatter, etc.

  (4) 把y變i,再+er

  heavier, earlier

  (5) 不規(guī)則變化:

  well-better, much/many-more, etc.

  3.可數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式

  Most nouns + s a book –books

  Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories

  Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches

  Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes

  Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves

  4.不可數(shù)名詞(單復(fù)數(shù)形式不變)

  bread, rice, water ,juice etc.

  5. 縮略形式

  I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is

  it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc

  6. a/an

  a book, a peach

  an egg an hour

  7. Preposition:

  on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.

  表示時(shí)間: at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast

  on Monday on 15th July On National Day

  in the evening in December in winter

  8. 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞

  one – first two-second twenty-twentieth

  9. Some /any

  I have some toys in my bedroom.

  Do you have any brothers or sisters?

  10. be 動(dòng)詞

  (1) Basic form: am/are/is

  (2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.

  My eyes are(not) small.

  My hair is(not) long.

  (3)一般疑問句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.

  Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.

  Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

  11. there be 結(jié)構(gòu)

  肯定句: There is a …

  There are …

  一般疑問句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.

  Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.

  否定句: There isn’t …. There aren’t….

  12. 祈使句

  Sit down please

  Don’t sit down, please.

  13. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).通常用“now”.

  形式: be + verb +ing

  eg: I am(not) doing my homework.

  You/We/They are(not) reading.

  He/She/It is(not) eating.

  動(dòng)詞 —ing 的形式

  Most verbs +ing walk—walking

  Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming

  Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming

  14.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。

  形式:

  肯定句:

  I go to school on foot every day.

  She goes to school on foot every day.

  一般疑問句:

  Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

  Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

  否定句: We don’t go to school on Sundays.

  My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.

  15. (情態(tài))動(dòng)詞can,must, should 后面直接用動(dòng)詞原形。

  eg:

  1. I / He / She / They can sing.

  2.You should keep quiet in the library.

  16. 一般過去時(shí)態(tài)

  (a) be 動(dòng)詞的過去式:

  I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….

  一般疑問句was, were 放在句首。

  (b) 動(dòng)詞過去式:

  肯定句: I watched cartoons.

  She visited the zoo.

  一般疑問句: Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.

  Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t.

  否定句: They didn’t go the the part yesterday.

  He didn’t make model ships last week.

  (3)動(dòng)詞過去式的變化:

  規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化:

  Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。

  Verbs ending in e +d eg liked。

  Verbs ending in a consonant +y --y +ied eg : study—studied

  Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant eg: stop --stopped

  不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化:

  is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew/u:/

  eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank 等等

  小學(xué)英語語法總結(jié)

  一、小學(xué)英語形容詞性物主代詞

  1、 形容詞性物主代詞8個(gè):

  My your his her its our your their

  我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我們的 你們的 他(她、它)們的

  2、 形容詞性物主代詞的特點(diǎn):

  1)譯成漢語都有"的" eg:my 我的 their 他們的

  2)后面加名詞: eg:my backpack his name

  3)前后不用冠詞 a an the

  This is a my eraser(錯(cuò)誤) That is your a pen(錯(cuò)誤) Its his the pen(錯(cuò)誤)

  3、I(物主代詞)my you(物主代詞)your he (物主代詞)her we (物主代詞) our

  注:在變物主代詞時(shí),把原題所給的詞加上的,再譯成單詞就可以了。

  二、小學(xué)英語名詞性物主代詞

  1、名詞性物主代詞和形容詞性物主代詞一樣有8個(gè):

  Mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs

  我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我們的 你們的 他(她、它)們的

  2、名詞性物主代詞的特點(diǎn):

  1)譯成漢語都有"的" 2)后面不加名詞 3)名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞

  Eg:1、thepen is mine 鋼筆是我的(mine=my pen)

  三、小學(xué)英語單數(shù)的句子變成復(fù)數(shù)的句子

  把單數(shù)的句子成復(fù)數(shù)的.句子:

  變法是把能變成復(fù)數(shù)的詞變成復(fù)數(shù),但a或an要把去掉。特殊疑問詞、形容詞、國家及地點(diǎn)通常不變。

  Eg:把下列句子變成復(fù)數(shù)

  1, I have a car ----we have cars

  2, He is an American boy. ----They are American boys

  3, It is a car ----They are cars

  4, This is an eraser ----These are erasers

  5, That is a backpsck -----Those are backpacks

  6,Im an English teather ------We are English teathers

  7,Its a new shirt---- They are new shirts

  8,Hes a boy ----They are boys

  9,Shes a singer ------They are singers

  10,Whats this in English?---- What are these in English?

  四、小學(xué)英語名詞的數(shù)語法

  名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式

  1、名詞的單數(shù):表示一個(gè)人或一個(gè)事物

  2、名詞的復(fù)數(shù):表示一個(gè)人以上的人或事物

  名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)律如下:

  1、多數(shù)情況下在名詞后面加S,s 在清輔音后讀【S】

  2、以s,x,sh,ch為結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加es, es讀作【iz】

  3、以f,fe為結(jié)尾的詞去掉f或fe加ves,ves讀作【vz】

  4、以輔音加y結(jié)尾的詞,變y 為ies

  5、以元音加y結(jié)尾的詞,直接加s

  6、不規(guī)則變化

  a變成e

  Man-men

  woman-women

  policeman-policemen

  Policewoman-policewomen

  單復(fù)數(shù)同形

  Chinese-chinese

  Japanese-japanese

  sheep -sheep

  deer -deer

  不規(guī)則變化

  This 這個(gè)these這些(復(fù)數(shù))

  that那個(gè) those那些(復(fù)數(shù))

  I我 we我們(復(fù)數(shù))

  he他 she她 it它 they他、它、她們(復(fù)數(shù))

  am ,is是 are(復(fù)數(shù))

  五、小學(xué)英語人稱代詞主格及賓格

  人稱代詞分為主格和賓格,主格和賓格區(qū)別:

  主格和賓格漢語意思相同,但位置不同。

  Eg: I(主格)"我"-- me (賓格)"我"

  主格在陳述句中通常放句首,賓格通常放在動(dòng)詞后或介詞后,也就是說賓格,不放在句首。

  Eg :I have a new car.( I 主格) Excuse me (me 賓格) I ask him to go (him 賓格) They sit in front of me(me 賓格)

  主格(8個(gè)):I 我you你 he他 she她 it它 we 我們you 你們they他(她、它)們

  賓格(8個(gè)):me我 you你 him 他her她 it它 us我們 you你們 them他(她、它)們

  六、小學(xué)英語名詞所有格語法

  1、 變法:在人名后面加s

  記住:s要譯成"的"eg:Lucy(名詞所有格)Lucys

  2、 如果是2個(gè)或2個(gè)以上人的名詞所有格要在最后一個(gè)人名加s

  Eg:Lily and Lucy (名詞所有格)Lily and LucyS

  Lily Lucy and Julia (名詞所有格) Lily Lucy and Julias

  3、 以s結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)所有格在后面加,eg:students

  七、小學(xué)英語就劃線部分提問練習(xí)題

  就劃線部分提問的變法:

  1、 先根據(jù)劃線部分找到特殊疑問詞。

  2、 再把沒劃線的部分變成一般疑問句的語序。

  3、 特殊疑問詞通常有:what/ where/ who /whosc/ how/how old/ what colour/ what class /whatgrade/what row/what school

  八、小學(xué)英語一般疑問句

  1、一般疑問句最基本的變法:be 提前 用問號(hào) 讀升調(diào)

  2、my變成your our變成your I am / We are 變Are you I can 變Can you

  3、注意人名不論放在什么位置都要大寫 Tom is a student。Is Tom a student?

  4、一般疑問句翻譯成漢語都有"嗎"?

  1)This is my English teather. Is this your Englishteather?

  2)It is our school. Is it your school?

  3)We are students. Are you students?

  4)I can sing. Can you sing?

  九、小學(xué)英語動(dòng)詞的用法

  動(dòng)詞的用法

  1、到目前為止,我們學(xué)過的be動(dòng)詞包括三個(gè)詞 am ,is, are 這三個(gè)詞的漢語意思相同,都是"是"的意思,但怎么運(yùn)用好這三個(gè)詞呢?請(qǐng)記住下列口決:

  2、我是am( eg:I am a pupil.) 你是 are (eg:You are a girl.) Is 用在他、她、它( eg:He is a Chinese boy,She is an English teather,It is a cat.見到復(fù)數(shù)就用are.)

  3、記住:am,is 的復(fù)數(shù)是are.;these 這些 ;those 那些(這兩個(gè)詞都表示復(fù)數(shù))

  十、英語簡(jiǎn)縮形式的變法語法

  簡(jiǎn)縮形式的變法

  1、簡(jiǎn)縮形式的變法:把倒數(shù)第二個(gè)字母,通常是元音字母變成 但are除外,are要把a(bǔ)打成 。Eg:he is=hesthey are=theyre

  2、簡(jiǎn)縮形式和完全形式的漢語意思相同。

  3、把完全形式變成簡(jiǎn)縮形式時(shí),一定要注意第一個(gè)字母的大小變化。Eg:What is =Whats

  4、記住一個(gè)特殊變化;lets =let us 讓我們(不要把 變成i)

  5、記。簍his is 沒有簡(jiǎn)縮形式thiss(錯(cuò)誤)

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