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小升初英語(yǔ)必考句型專項(xiàng)
1、 肯定句：是指用肯定的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)陳述的句子，如：
I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.
2、否定句：含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子，如：I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.
He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.
☆注意 小結(jié)：否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 “not”。有動(dòng)詞be的句子則“not”加在be后面，可縮寫(xiě)成“isn’t，aren’t”，但am not 一般都分開(kāi)寫(xiě)。沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要先在主要?jiǎng)釉~的前面加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do，does，did)，然后在它后面加上“not”，你也可以把它們縮寫(xiě)在一起如“don’t , doesn’t , didn’t )。這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)選擇，其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況，而“did”只用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)，不論主語(yǔ)是什么人稱和數(shù)，都用“did” 。
3、一般疑問(wèn)句：是指詢問(wèn)事實(shí)的句子，此類句子必須用“yes”，或“no”來(lái)回答。
如：Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I’m not.
Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.
Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t.)
Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won’t).
Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
☆注意 小結(jié)：一般疑問(wèn)句是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上，
①把動(dòng)詞be調(diào)到首位，其他照寫(xiě)，末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問(wèn)號(hào)即可。
�、跊](méi)有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do，does，did)再把緊跟在后面的動(dòng)詞變回原形，末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問(wèn)號(hào)即可。
這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞也要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)選擇，其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況，而“did”只用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)，不論主語(yǔ)是什么人稱和數(shù)，都用“did” 。一般疑問(wèn)句有個(gè)重要的原則就是問(wèn)和答要一致，即問(wèn)句里的第一個(gè)單詞(助動(dòng)詞)和簡(jiǎn)略答句里的這個(gè)詞是一致的。
4、特殊疑問(wèn)句：以特殊疑問(wèn)詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開(kāi)頭引導(dǎo)的句子。此類句子應(yīng)該問(wèn)什么就答什么，不能用“yes 、no”來(lái)回答。如：
What is this? It’s a computer.
What does he do? He’s a doctor.
Where are you going? I’m going to Beijing.
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike.
Which season do you like best? Summer.
When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.
Whose skirt is this? It’s Amy’s.
Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees.
How are you? I’m fine. / I’m happy.
How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train.
☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問(wèn)詞組用來(lái)提問(wèn)，如： how many(多少(數(shù)量)),
how much(多少(錢)), how tall(多高), how long(多長(zhǎng)), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)
例句：How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.
How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.
How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51.
☆小結(jié)：how many 用來(lái)提問(wèn)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量，主要有以上三種句式搭配，
How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + do you have? 你有多少……?
How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + can you see? 你能看見(jiàn)多少……?
How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there…? 有多少……?
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