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考研英語一真題及答案（word版）(4)
Section III Translation
46. Directions: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.
One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such.In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.
Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “l(fā)iberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.
Section IV Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.
You should include the details you think necessary.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should
1) describe the drawing briefly
2) explain its intended meaning, and
3) give your comments
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points)
閱讀答案：(由新東方集團(tuán)郭威老師、廣州新東方劉曉峰、濟(jì)南新東方趙曉棟老師、研發(fā)中心眾同事提供)
TEXT 1
21. 【答案】B (insensitivity to fashion)
22. 【答案】D (shop for their garments more frequently)
23. 【答案】A (accusation)
24. 【答案】D (pricing is vital to environmental-friendly purchasing)
25. 【答案】C (criticism of the fast-fashion industry)
TEXT 2
26. 【答案】B (lower their operational costs)
27. 【答案】D (internet browser developers)
28. 【答案】C (will not benefit consumers)
29. 【答案】A (DNT may not serve its intended purpose)
30. 【答案】D (skepticism)
TEXT 3
31. 【答案】B (our faith in science and technology)
32. 【答案】A ( a sustained species)
33. 【答案】D (Our Immediate future is hard to conceive)
34. 【答案】C (draw on our experience from the past)
35. 【答案】C (The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind)
TEXT 4
36. 【答案】C (overstepped the authority of federal immigration law)
37. 【答案】C (States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement)
38. 【答案】D (Stood in favor of the states)
39. 【答案】A (outweighs that held by the states)
40. 【答案】D (The Administration is dominant over immigration issues)
翻譯原文和答案(由北京新東方唐靜老師提供)
(46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.
然而，當(dāng)我們看到這樣的照片，看到那些無家可歸者所創(chuàng)造的花園之時(shí)，感到了深深的震撼：盡管它們風(fēng)格多樣，但這些花園道出了其他的根本需求，而非停留在裝飾美化或是創(chuàng)造性表達(dá)。
(47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.
它是一個(gè)和平的圣地，不管它有多么粗陋，但它明顯是一種人類的需求，與收容所迥異，收容所明顯是一種動(dòng)物的需求。
(48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such.
無家可歸者的花園實(shí)際上是無人問津的花園，它們是引入到城市環(huán)境中的一種建筑類型，它要么不存在，要么本身不易識(shí)別。
(49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic.
多數(shù)人會(huì)陷入精神萎靡，我們通常把這種萎靡歸咎于某種心理狀態(tài)，直到有一天，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己身處花園，感到壓力全無，如魔力驅(qū)使一般。
(50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “l(fā)iberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.
正是這種與大自然之間的或明或暗的關(guān)聯(lián)使花園這個(gè)詞——雖然指的是“廣義”上的花園——恰如其分的形容了這些人造建筑。
寫作真題詳解與參考范文(由北京新東方王江濤老師提供)
PART A
Directions:
Write an email of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.
You should include the details you think necessary.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address.
命題解析：
2013年考研英語(一)小作文第八次考察了書信作文，屬于寫給外教的公務(wù)邀請(qǐng)信。值得注意的是，從2012年開始，考研命題組與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，英語(一)及(二)小作文命題不再使用日常生活中已很少使用的letter，而是替換為大家耳熟能詳?shù)膃-mail形式。其實(shí)沒有本質(zhì)區(qū)別，最新大綱仍定義為“私人或公務(wù)信函”，寫法完全一樣。
眾所周知，人們生活與工作中均需使用e-mail, 故e-mail也分為私人與公務(wù)兩種。私人書信稍微隨便一些，可使用3-5次縮寫、省略句或口語表達(dá)等非正式語言;公務(wù)書信稍微正式一些，最好不要使用非正式語言。
2005年考研開考小作文以來，從未考過邀請(qǐng)信，2013年首開先河。在2012年北京新東方學(xué)校面授班和新東方在線網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂中，沖刺及點(diǎn)睛班均提供了關(guān)于邀請(qǐng)信及演講比賽的預(yù)測(cè)題目及范文，幾乎全文可以使用，考生應(yīng)有喜出望外之感。筆者所著《考研英語高分寫作》2013版78頁詳細(xì)講解了邀請(qǐng)信的注意事項(xiàng)、寫作方法、萬能句型，127頁小作文十大必背范文第六篇即邀請(qǐng)信;130頁小作文十大必背范文之九即關(guān)于演講比賽的范文，諸多表達(dá)均可使用。
考研寫作要求采用縮進(jìn)式：段間不空行，每段首行縮進(jìn)四個(gè)字母。由于是寫給外教的正式文體，應(yīng)寫“Dear Professor/Mr./Ms. Shakespeare,”等較為正式的稱呼，不宜直呼其名(雖然老外生活中很隨意)。首段可進(jìn)行自我介紹、表明寫作目的(邀請(qǐng)做英文演講比賽評(píng)委);次段應(yīng)展開具體細(xì)節(jié)：詳細(xì)介紹比賽情況、邀請(qǐng)?jiān)蚧蜇?fù)擔(dān)食宿交通費(fèi)用等均可;尾段可表示感謝并期待回信。落款應(yīng)寫“Yours sincerely,”或“Yours truly,”等公務(wù)落款，不宜使用“Yours,”或“Yours faithfully,”等私人落款。簽名切勿寫自己的真實(shí)姓名，應(yīng)用“Li Ming”代替。
由于小作文答題卡很小，很多考生將結(jié)尾客套及簽名擠在同一行或?qū)懺诳崭褚韵�，無需擔(dān)心，電腦可以掃描到，不會(huì)因此取得低分。很多考生并未按照以上要求去寫，也無須過于擔(dān)心，寫法有很多種，法無定法、萬法歸宗。只要切題同時(shí)語言簡潔、地道，均可取得不錯(cuò)的成績。
參考范文
Dear Professor Schipper,
On behalf of all the students at my university who share a love for the English language, I am writing this e-mail to cordially invite you to be our honorable judge for an English speaking contest.
As you are one of the leading experts in the English language in China, I believe that the students will not only be able to learn from you, but to be inspired as well. We are hoping that you will be available at 2:00 p.m. on January 5, 2013 on our campus. There has been two hours allocated for the contest and 30 minutes for a question and answer session.
If you are interested in coming to our university for the contest, please email me at this address. (124 words)
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
參考譯文
尊敬的施舟人教授：
我以本校全體熱愛英語語言的學(xué)生的名義寫信給您，誠摯地邀請(qǐng)您來作為一場英文演講比賽的尊貴評(píng)委。
由于您是中國英語語言研究方面杰出的專家之一，我相信學(xué)生們不僅能從您身上學(xué)到很多知識(shí)，而且也能夠獲得很大的啟發(fā)。我們期待您能抽出時(shí)間在1月5日下午2點(diǎn)來學(xué)校，其中兩個(gè)小時(shí)是比賽時(shí)間，另外30分鐘則是問答環(huán)節(jié)。
如果您對(duì)來我校有興趣，請(qǐng)通過這個(gè)地址和我進(jìn)行郵件聯(lián)系。
您真誠的，
李明
PART B
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1)describe the drawing briefly,
2)explain its intended meaning, and
3)give your comments.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 POINTS)
命題解析
2013年，考研英語(一)大作文連續(xù)第14年考察了圖畫作文，題目相對(duì)簡單：一群畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)之際，面臨著“求職、考研、出國、創(chuàng)業(yè)”等多條人生道路，文字說明為：“選擇”。這道題目屬于考研寫作四大必考話題之“人生哲理”類，主題即“選擇”。
每年都有很多人號(hào)稱押題成功，今年也不例外，但考生寫作得分未必高。有些考生僥幸事先準(zhǔn)備過相關(guān)話題切勿盲目樂觀，如很多考生使用同樣的范文可能視為雷同卷獲得低分;或者有些考生雖然背過相關(guān)范文，但現(xiàn)場發(fā)揮部分錯(cuò)誤百出仍然取得低分。有些考生事先未能準(zhǔn)備過相關(guān)話題也勿妄自菲薄，閱卷教師其實(shí)最希望看到的就是完全現(xiàn)場發(fā)揮且語言水平較好的范文。鑒于網(wǎng)上答案錯(cuò)誤百出，自己估分未必準(zhǔn)確。英語成績下來之后，請(qǐng)務(wù)必向報(bào)考院校研究生院或研招辦咨詢查分，可知寫作等各單項(xiàng)具體成績。得分是檢驗(yàn)寫作學(xué)習(xí)的最好標(biāo)準(zhǔn)!
這已是2003年以來的11年來，第六次考察“人生哲理”這一話題，說明該話題是考生最應(yīng)重視的話題之一。個(gè)中原因不言自明：命題組成員多為全國各重點(diǎn)大學(xué)英語系資深教授，終生誨人不倦，親身接觸以考研考生為代表的青年學(xué)子面對(duì)社會(huì)的各種困境，借此話題對(duì)青年考生進(jìn)行諄諄教誨。2013年將有700萬大學(xué)生畢業(yè)，180考生報(bào)名參加考研，在嚴(yán)峻的就業(yè)和考研形勢(shì)之下，考察“畢業(yè)選擇“這一話題顯然在情理之中。
2003年考研寫作考察了“溫室花朵經(jīng)不起風(fēng)雨”即“獨(dú)立”這一主題，2004年考察“終點(diǎn)又是新起點(diǎn)”即“堅(jiān)持”，2007年考察“自信”，2008年考察“合作”，2012年考察“樂觀”，這五道題目均為人生哲理類話題。無論是在北京新東方學(xué)校面授班、新東方在線網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂或筆者所著《考研英語高分寫作》書中，均詳細(xì)講解過這五道考題及其他大量的“人生哲理類”范文，很多文章幾乎全文可以使用�！陡叻謱懽鳌�2013版215頁為“就業(yè)問題”漫畫及范文、220頁為“出國留學(xué)”漫畫及范文亦可使用。考生如果認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)過上述范文，這道題目應(yīng)易如反掌。
本題第一段應(yīng)簡要描述漫畫，指出很多畢業(yè)生面臨“求職、考研、出國、創(chuàng)業(yè)”的各種選擇。第二段應(yīng)進(jìn)行意義闡釋，可分析畢業(yè)選擇所需考慮的諸多因素或不同選擇的利弊說明，采用因果、正反、舉例、聯(lián)系現(xiàn)實(shí)等多種論證手段。第三段可進(jìn)行歸納結(jié)論和提出建議措施：各種選擇無所謂對(duì)錯(cuò)，適合自己即是最佳選擇。
很多考生擔(dān)心大作文跑題問題，其實(shí)大可不必。2013年180萬考生考研，閱卷組一周之內(nèi)判完所有試卷，沒有興趣深究思維或結(jié)構(gòu)，重在語言地道、簡潔、舒服。只要文章與“選擇、求職、考研、出國或創(chuàng)業(yè)”相關(guān)即可，仁者見仁、智者見智，無須過于擔(dān)心。閱卷老師也不會(huì)因?yàn)槟承┛忌P(guān)鍵詞寫錯(cuò)或不會(huì)而直接低分，關(guān)鍵還是看語言的整體水平。你的真實(shí)語言水平如何，身為大學(xué)英語系教師的閱卷老師當(dāng)然一目了然。
參考范文
As is vividly shown in the cartoon, for undergraduate college students, deciding what to do upon graduation can be a tough decision to say the least. For the vast majority of students, the choice is among finding a job, pursuing postgraduate studies, going abroad or starting one’s own business. And below the drawing, there is a topic which says: “choice”.
When making this decision, students should consider a variety of factors, including their personal preferences, financial status and career plans. The first factor that they should consider is their own personal preferences. Some students may have entrepreneurial ambitions and dream of running their own business. The second factor that undergraduate students should consider is their financial situation. Some students or their families are able to support the tuition fees of postgraduate studies or studying overseas, while for others it would be too much of a financial strain. The final factor that students should take into account is their intended career. Students who make the wrong choice could be faced with disappointing career prospects, or end up wasting their time and money.
When it comes time for university graduates to decide their next step in life, there is no one right or wrong choice for everyone. Rather, each student must reach his or her own conclusion. With due consideration of personal preferences, financial status and career goals, students can improve their chances of making an optimal choice. (236 words)
參考譯文
如圖所示，對(duì)于本科生來說，決定畢業(yè)之后做什么毫不夸張地說是一個(gè)艱難的選擇。大多數(shù)學(xué)生都在求職、考研、出國和創(chuàng)業(yè)之間徘徊。在漫畫下面，小標(biāo)題顯示：“選擇”。
在做決定的時(shí)候，學(xué)生應(yīng)該考慮很多因素，包括個(gè)人偏好、經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況及職業(yè)計(jì)劃。大學(xué)生第一個(gè)要考慮的就是自己的個(gè)人偏好。有些學(xué)生希望成為企業(yè)家，夢(mèng)想擁有自己的公司。第二個(gè)要考慮的因素就是自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)條件。有些學(xué)生自己或家里可以負(fù)擔(dān)考研或出國的學(xué)費(fèi)，而對(duì)有些人來說這些費(fèi)用是一項(xiàng)沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)。大學(xué)生所需要考慮的最后一個(gè)因素就是自己的期望職業(yè)。錯(cuò)誤的決定會(huì)讓你面臨著失望的就業(yè)前景，或是到頭來浪費(fèi)了時(shí)間和金錢。
大學(xué)畢業(yè)之際，每個(gè)人在決定人生中的下一步時(shí)無所謂對(duì)和錯(cuò)。更恰當(dāng)?shù)卣f，每個(gè)學(xué)生必須給出屬于自己的結(jié)論。大學(xué)生綜合考慮個(gè)人偏好、經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況及職業(yè)目標(biāo)，就更有可能做出最優(yōu)的選擇。
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