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六級(jí)英語(yǔ)閱讀練習(xí)題：eBay購(gòu)物
eBay
eBay is a global phenomenon-the world's largest garage sale, online shopping center, car dealer and auction site with 147 million registered users in 30 countries as of March 2005. You can find everything from encyclopedias to olives to snow boots to stereos to airplanes for sale. And if you stumble on it before the eBay overseers do, you might even find a human kidney or a virtual date.
eBay Basics
eBay is, first and foremost. an online auction site. You can browse through categories like Antiques, Boats, Clothing & Accessories, Computers & Networking,Jewelry & Watches and Video Games. When you see something you like, you click on the auction title and view the details, including pictures, descriptions,payment options and shipping information.
If you place a bid on an item,you enter a contractual agreement to buy it if you win the auction. All auctions have minimum starting bids, and some have a reserve price-a secret minimum amount the seller is willing to accept for the item. If the bidding doesn't reach the reserve price, the seller doesn't have to part with the item. In addition to auctions, you can find tons of fixed-price items on eBay that make shopping there just like shopping at any other online marketplace. You see what you like, you buy it, you pay for it and you wait for it to arrive at your door.
You can pay for an item on eBay using a variety of methods, including money order, cashier's check, cash, personal check and electronic payment services like PayPal and BidPay. It's up to each seller to decide which payment methods he'll accept.
Just as you can buy almost anything on eBay, you can sell almost anything, too. Using a simple listing process, you can put all of the junk in your basement up for sale to the highest bidder. When you sell an item on eBay,you pay listing fees and turn over a percentage of the final sale price to eBay.
Once you register (for free) with eBay, you can access all of your eBay buying and selling activities in a single location called "My eBay."
eBay Infrastructure
A series of service disruptions in 1999 caused real problems for eBay's business. Over the course of three days, overloaded servers intermittently shut down, meaning users couldn't check auctions, place bids or complete transactions during that period. Buyers, sellers and eBay were very unhappy, and a complete restructuring of eBay's technological architecture Followed.
In 1999, eBay was one massive database server and a few separate systems running the search function. In 2005, eBay is about 200 database servers and 20 search servers.
The architecture is a type of grid computing that allows for both error correction and growth. With the exception of the search function, everything about eBay can actually run on approximately 50 servers-Web servers,application servers and data-storage systems. Each server has between 6 and 12 microprocessors. These 50 0r so servers run separately, but they talk to each other,so everybody knows if there is a problem somewhere. eBay can simply add servers to the grid as the need arises.
While the majority of the site can run on 50 servers,eBay has four times that.The 200 servers are housed in sets of 50 in four locations,all in the United States. When you're using eBay, you may be talking to any one of those locations at any time-they all store the same data. If one of the systems crashes. there are three others to pick up the slack.
When you're on the eBay Web site and you click on a listing for a Persian rug, your computer talks to Web servers, which talk to application servers, which pull data from storage servers so you can find out what the latest bid price is and how much time is left in the auction. eBay has local partners in many countries who deliver eBay's static data to cut down on download time, and there are monitoring systems in 45 cities around the world that constantly scan for problems in the network.
Using eBay: Security
In order to make buyers feel safer when making purchases on eBay, all tangible (有形的) items are automatically insured for $200. A recipe that was supposed to be delivered to you via e-mail is not considered a tangible item.But if you purchased a set of speakers that never arrived, and you go through the dispute process and eBay determines you were defrauded (欺騙)， you can get your money back up to $200.
Buyer Fraud
Buyer fraud is typically less damaging than seller fraud. The most common type of fraud a buyer can commit is simply not paying for an item. Sellers can deal with non-paying bidders by filing an Unpaid Item dispute. eBay will then attempt to contact the buyer and get her to pay. If she does not respond to eBay's attempts after eight days, the seller is reimbursed(賠償) for eBay's cut of the final sale price and can relist the item for free. If the buyer does respond, the dispute can end in one of three ways:
The buyer decides to pay, and everybody's happy.
The buyer and the seller decide together to abandon the transaction,the seller gets reimbursed for the final-value fee and relists the item for free,and everybody's happy.
The seller decides noe to deal with the buyer, the buyer gets an unpaiditem strike against her, and the seller gets reimbursed for the final-value fee and relists the item for free.
In the end, the damage to the seller is relatively small. Another type of buyer fraud occurs when a buyer sends false payment. In most cases,this is in the form of a bounced check, and the seller finds out about it before shipping the item. Bounced checks are as common on eBay as they are in the rest of the world, and many sellers choose not to accept personal checks for this reason.
Seller Fraud
Seller fraud is what most people think about when they worry about using eBay. There are two main ways in which a buyer can be defrauded by a seller: The item the buyer purchased is dramatically different from how it was described in the listing; or the item simply never arrives.
One thing to keep in mind when you think you've been defrauded is that miscommunication is common on eBay. For instance, if you didn't read every word of the auction listing for your item, you may have missed the part that said the seller would be out of town for three weeks and wouldn't be able to ship the item until she returned. This could be why you don't have your item and the seller isn't answering your e-mails. Also, e-mail is not the most straightforward form of communication. If your item hasn't arrived after two weeks, and you've e-mailed the seller but haven't heard back, it's a good idea to check your junk mail folder. Your seller may have sent a response e-mail that just never made it to your inbox. If there's nothing from the seller in your junk folder, you can request that eBay reveal your seller's phone number so you can give him a call and see what's going on.
If you don't get an answer to your phone call (or if your seller lives in another country and it would cost too much money to call), your next step is to start the dispute process. When a buyer believes he has been defrauded, he can file a complaint, and eBay will work to solve the problem. When you file a complaint in eBay's "Item Not Received or Significantly Not as Described" system,eBay will act as middleman between you and your seller to try to settle the dis pute. lf that fails, you can file a claim to get reimbursed for your purchase.
閱讀理解練習(xí)題目：
1. Which of the following may be banned by eBay overseers?
A) Virtual dates. B) Any over-priced products.
C) Priceless antiques. D) Rare animals for pets.
2.Sellers have the right to refuse the deal if the offer is lower tban__________________.
A) the minimum starting bid B) the reserve price
C) the average market price D) the wholesale cost
3.PayPal and BidPay are special names for_____________________.
A) money orders B) cashier's checks
C) personal checks D) electronic payment services
4.On eBay, you buy or sell an item at______________________.
A) My Account B) My Market
C) My Store D) My eBay
5.At present, each of eBay's server is equipped with_______________microprocessors.
A) 200 B) about 50 C) 6 to 12 D) 20
6.When you click on a listing on the eBay Web site,your computer first com municates to______________.
A) search servers B) Web servers
C) application servers D) storage servers
7.A recipe is not considered tangible item if________________.
A) it is delivered later than the contracted time
B) it never arrives at your place
C) it is delivered to the buyer through e-mail
D) it costs less than the market price
8.Sellers may contact eBay and apply for an Unpaid Item dispute against__________________.
9.Many sellers tend to refuse personal checks for fear of___________________.
10.During the dispute process between the seller and the buyer, eBay plays the role of_____________.
閱讀理解練習(xí)答案解析：
1.[A][定位]根據(jù)題干中的eBay overseers定位至首段末句。
解析：在原文該句末明確提到，此處是唯一提到overseers的地方，其他選項(xiàng)均來(lái)提及，很明顯，本題答案為A。
2.[B][定位]本題題干的題眼不明顯，根據(jù)選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞bid，price，cost等在原文查找與“出價(jià)”有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)，由此定位至第1個(gè)小標(biāo)題eBay Basics部分的第2段笫3句。
解析：題干中的have the right to refuse the deal是原文該句doesn’t have to part with the item的近義改寫，因此答案為B。
3.[D][定位]根據(jù)題干中的PayPal和BidPay定位至第1個(gè)小標(biāo)題eBay Basics部分的第3段首句。
解析：原文該句末的electronic payment services like PayPal and BidPay表明PayPal和BidPay屬于electronic payment services，因此本題應(yīng)選D。
4.[D][定位]根據(jù)題干中的buy or sell及選項(xiàng)定位至第1個(gè)小標(biāo)題eBay Basics部分的末段。
解析：本題的題干題眼不明顯，應(yīng)從選項(xiàng)入手，因?yàn)檫@些選項(xiàng)都是專有名詞，在原文應(yīng)該比較顯眼。逐一查找選項(xiàng)就可發(fā)現(xiàn)只有D在第1個(gè)小標(biāo)題下末段提及，其他選項(xiàng)均未提及。
5.[C][定位]根據(jù)題干中的server和microprocessors定位至第2個(gè)小標(biāo)題eBay Infrastructure部分的第3段第3句。
解析：本題除了可根據(jù)題干的題眼定位原文找到答案外，還可查找與選項(xiàng)數(shù)字相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，這些數(shù)字集中在第2個(gè)小標(biāo)題下第2、3段，這樣，查找到C的時(shí)候就可發(fā)現(xiàn)這一組數(shù)字為正確答案。
6.[B][定位]根據(jù)題干中的listing和Web site定位至第2個(gè)小標(biāo)題eBay Infrastructure部分的末段首句。
解析：原文該句提到了多個(gè)server，還有多個(gè)套疊的定語(yǔ)從句，但是根據(jù)題干中的first可以迅速選擇B，因?yàn)檫@是在原文中首先提到的server。
7.[C][定位]根據(jù)題干中的recipe和tangible定位至第3個(gè)小標(biāo)題Using eBay：Security部分的首段第2句。
解析：根據(jù)題眼定位后，可知只有C在原文提及，其他選項(xiàng)都屬于無(wú)中生有。
8.[non-paying bidders]
[定位]根據(jù)題干中的Unpaid Item dispute定位至第3個(gè)小標(biāo)題Using eBay: Security部分的次標(biāo)題Buyer Fraud下首段第3句。
解析：空白處應(yīng)為名詞(詞組)。本題要求查找申請(qǐng)Unpaid Item dispute的用處，原文句中的deal with... by filing an Unpaid Item dispute表明賣方以此對(duì)付那些不付款的投標(biāo)者，因此deal with后的賓語(yǔ)non-paying bidders為本題答案。
9.[bounced checks]
[定位]根據(jù)題干中的personal checks定位至第3個(gè)小標(biāo)題Using eBay: Security部分的次標(biāo)題Buyer Fraud下末段末句。
解析：空白處應(yīng)為名詞(詞組)。只要在原文找到this reason的所指，就能順利解決本題。根據(jù)該段的主要內(nèi)容和末句的主語(yǔ)可以推斷this reason指的就是bounced checks，這就是本題答案。
10.[middleman]
[定位]根據(jù)題干中的dispute process定位至全文末段倒數(shù)第2句。
解析：空白處應(yīng)為名詞(詞組)。題目中的plays the role of與原文中的act as為同義詞，加上題目中的between the seller and buyer和原文一致，不難判斷本題答案應(yīng)為原文act as后的middleman。
閱讀理解練習(xí)譯文：
eBay購(gòu)物
eBay是一種全球化現(xiàn)象，它是世界上最大的舊貨出售和在線購(gòu)物中心、汽車經(jīng)銷商和拍賣站點(diǎn)。自2005年3月起它已在30個(gè)國(guó)家擁有了1.47億個(gè)注冊(cè)用戶。你能在eBay上找到一切東西.從百科全書到橄欖、雪地靴、立體音響、到飛機(jī)，應(yīng)有盡有。[1]如果你在eBay監(jiān)察員插手之前偶然上上eBay網(wǎng)，你甚至可能找到一個(gè)人的腎臟或一個(gè)虛擬約會(huì)對(duì)象。
eBay基本知識(shí)
eBay首先是一個(gè)在線的拍賣站點(diǎn)。你可以通過(guò)分類目錄瀏覽古董、小船、服裝和裝飾品、電腦和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)類產(chǎn)品、珠寶扣手表以及電子游戲等物品。你看見(jiàn)你喜歡的東西時(shí)，你可以點(diǎn)擊一下拍賣標(biāo)題，看看包括產(chǎn)品圖片、產(chǎn)品描述、支付選擇和送貨方式等有關(guān)該產(chǎn)品的詳細(xì)信息。
如果你競(jìng)標(biāo)一件物品，贏得拍賣的話。你就可以輸入一項(xiàng)合同協(xié)議買下它。所有的拍賣品都有一個(gè)最低起價(jià)，并且有些產(chǎn)品還有一個(gè)保留——賣方愿意接受的秘密的最低價(jià)。[2]如果投標(biāo)達(dá)不到保留價(jià)，賣方就不必出售該商品了。除拍賣之外，你還可以在eBay上找到大量?jī)r(jià)格固定的商品，這使得在eBay購(gòu)物就像在其他任何一家在線商場(chǎng)購(gòu)物一樣。你看見(jiàn)你喜歡的東西，買下它，付錢，然后就等貨物上門。
[3]對(duì)于在eBay上買的東西，你可以采用包括匯票、銀行支票、現(xiàn)金、個(gè)人支票和像PayPal和BidPay一樣的電子支付服務(wù)在內(nèi)的多種付款方式。到底用哪種方式付款取決于各個(gè)賣家愿意接受哪種方式。
正如你在eBay上幾乎能買到任何東西一樣，你也幾乎可以在上面出售任何東西。列張清單，你就可以將你所有放在地下室里不要的東西擺出去競(jìng)賣。你在eBay出售一樣物品時(shí)，你得支付掛牌費(fèi)并且把最后售價(jià)的一部分分給eBay。
[4]一旦你注冊(cè)了(免費(fèi))eBay，你就能進(jìn)入eBay網(wǎng)并在一個(gè)叫“我的eBay”的單獨(dú)的地方進(jìn)行所有的買賣活動(dòng)了。
eBay的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施
1999年發(fā)生的一系列服務(wù)混亂使eBay的經(jīng)營(yíng)出現(xiàn)了實(shí)質(zhì)性的問(wèn)題。在三天多的時(shí)間里，超載的服務(wù)器出現(xiàn)間歇關(guān)閉，這意味著用戶在此期間不能查看拍賣情況，不能投標(biāo)或完成交易。買方、賣方和eBay都非常不開(kāi)心，因此在那之后eBay公司進(jìn)行了—次徹底的技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)改造。
在1999年，eBay是靠一臺(tái)巨大的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器和一些單獨(dú)的系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行檢索功能。到2005年，eBay有了大約200臺(tái)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器和20臺(tái)檢索服務(wù)器。
eBay的結(jié)構(gòu)采用一種網(wǎng)格計(jì)算體系，可以進(jìn)行錯(cuò)誤修正和升級(jí)。除檢索功能以外，eBay的一切操作實(shí)際上都能在大約50臺(tái)服務(wù)器上運(yùn)行。這些服務(wù)器包括Web服務(wù)器，應(yīng)用服務(wù)器和數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)。[5]每臺(tái)服務(wù)器有6到12個(gè)微處理器。這50多臺(tái)服務(wù)器是分開(kāi)運(yùn)行的，但是他們可以彼此交流，因此如果某個(gè)地方出了問(wèn)題，大家都會(huì)知道。需要的時(shí)候，eBay只需給網(wǎng)格增加服務(wù)器就行了。
當(dāng)大部分站點(diǎn)都能在50臺(tái)服務(wù)器上運(yùn)行時(shí),eBay又增加了3倍的服務(wù)器。200臺(tái)服務(wù)器被分成了四組，每級(jí)50臺(tái)服務(wù)囂，各占一個(gè)位置。服務(wù)器全部都在美國(guó)。使用eBay時(shí)，你可以在任何時(shí)候和任何一個(gè)位置的服務(wù)器進(jìn)行交流——它們存儲(chǔ)的數(shù)據(jù)都是一樣的。如果其中一個(gè)系統(tǒng)崩潰，還有其他3個(gè)可以用。
[6]你登陸eBay網(wǎng)站，點(diǎn)擊一下波斯小地毯的目錄，你的電腦便會(huì)將信息傳達(dá)給Web服務(wù)器，Web服務(wù)器又將信息傳達(dá)給應(yīng)用服務(wù)器，應(yīng)用服務(wù)器于是從貯存服務(wù)器中提出數(shù)據(jù)，你就可以查到最新的競(jìng)標(biāo)價(jià)以及這項(xiàng)拍賣還剩下多少時(shí)間。eBay在很多國(guó)家都有負(fù)責(zé)傳送eBay的靜態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)以減少下載時(shí)間的本地合伙人，在全世界45個(gè)城市還有不斷掃描網(wǎng)絡(luò)問(wèn)題的監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。
使用eBay：安全
為了使購(gòu)買者在eBay上買東西的時(shí)候感到更安全，所有的有形物品都會(huì)自動(dòng)投保200美元。[7]不過(guò)通過(guò)電子郵件發(fā)送給你的一份食譜就不被認(rèn)為是一件有形物品了。如果你購(gòu)買了一套揚(yáng)聲器但一直沒(méi)送到，你可以接通糾紛處理平臺(tái)，eBay會(huì)確定你是否被欺騙了，如果是，你就可以得回高達(dá)200美元的保險(xiǎn)金。
買方欺詐
與賣方的欺詐行為相比，買方欺詐通常造成的損失較小。買方最常見(jiàn)的欺詐行為就是買了東西不付棧。[8]賣方可以通過(guò)向eBay“出價(jià)不要糾紛處理平臺(tái)”提出申請(qǐng)來(lái)對(duì)付那些不付款的投標(biāo)者。eBay會(huì)盡量與買方聯(lián)系讓她付錢。如果在eBay催款8天之后她仍未做出反應(yīng).eBay就會(huì)取消收取該商品的最后銷售提成以補(bǔ)償賣方，賣方可以把那件商品免費(fèi)重新放到商品目錄上去。如果買方做出回應(yīng)，糾紛就會(huì)以下列三種方式之一了結(jié)：
買方?jīng)Q定付錢，皆大歡喜。
買方和賣方一同協(xié)商后決定放棄交易.賣方通過(guò)免交最后銷售價(jià)提成得到補(bǔ)償，并將該商品免費(fèi)重新放到商品目錄上，也是皆大歡喜。
賣方?jīng)Q定不與買方交易以打擊買方的不付款行為，賣方通過(guò)免交最后銷售價(jià)提成得到補(bǔ)償，并將該商品免費(fèi)重新放到商品目錄上。
最后，對(duì)賣方造成的損失相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)就很小了。另一種類型的買方欺詐行為是買方用假支票支付。在大多數(shù)情況下，買方使用空頭支票會(huì)被賣方在寄送商品之前查出來(lái)。[9]空頭支票在全世界其他地方隨處可見(jiàn)，在eBay上也是如此。因此很多賣家都選擇不接受個(gè)人支票付款。
賣方欺詐
大多數(shù)人不放心在eBay購(gòu)物就是因?yàn)榭紤]到賣方可能的欺詐行為。賣方主要以兩種方式欺騙買方：買方購(gòu)買的東西與商品目錄上的描述有非常大的差別;或者賣方?jīng)]有將東西選到買方手中。
當(dāng)你認(rèn)為你被欺騙了的時(shí)候，要注意一件事.即在eBay上經(jīng)常發(fā)生交流失誤。例如，如果你在拍賣目錄里沒(méi)有詳細(xì)閱讀你要買的商品的每一句描述，你可能就會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)說(shuō)賣方將外出3周，要等她回來(lái)才能送貨的這部分信息。這可能是為什么你沒(méi)有收到你買的東西，以及為什么賣方?jīng)]有回你郵件的原因。此外，電子郵件不是最直接的交流方式。如果你要的東西在兩周之后還沒(méi)到，并且你已經(jīng)發(fā)了電子郵件給賣方，但是沒(méi)有收到回復(fù)，你最好檢查一下你的垃圾箱。你的賣方可能回了一封電子郵件給你，但沒(méi)有被放到你的收件箱。如果你的垃圾箱也沒(méi)有賣方的任何田復(fù)，你就可以要求eBay顯示賣方的電話號(hào)碼，你可以打電話給他，看看是怎么回事。
如果打電話也沒(méi)有回音(或者如果你的賣方住在另一個(gè)國(guó)家。打電話太貴)，你可以進(jìn)入下一步的糾紛處理。當(dāng)買方確信自己已經(jīng)被欺騙時(shí)，他可以正式提出投訴.eBay會(huì)對(duì)此問(wèn)題進(jìn)行處理。當(dāng)你在eBay的“物品未收到或與描述的嚴(yán)重不符”系統(tǒng)提出投訴時(shí)，[l0]eBay會(huì)作為你和你賣方的中間人進(jìn)行糾紛調(diào)解。如果調(diào)解失敗，你就可以正式提出索賠得到補(bǔ)償。
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