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6月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)閱讀真題與答案
在日常學(xué)習(xí)、工作生活中，我們最不陌生的就是考試真題了，借助考試真題可以更好地考查參試者所掌握的知識(shí)和技能。一份什么樣的考試真題才能稱之為好考試真題呢？以下是小編幫大家整理的6月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)閱讀真題與答案，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助到大家。
6月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)閱讀真題與答案 1
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.
The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people. And they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (長壽) translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.
But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二戰(zhàn)后生育高峰期出生的美國人) are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.
Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Rising life expectancy(預(yù)期壽命), combined with the replacement of generous defined-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.
注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。
56. What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?
A) Younger people are replacing the elderly.
B) Well-educated people tend to work longer.
C) Unemployment rates are rising year after year.
D) People with no college degree do not easily find work.
57. What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?
A)Longer life expectancies.
B) A rapid technological advance.
C) Profound changes in the workforce.
D) A growing number of the well-educated.
58. What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?
A) Economic growth will slow down.
B) Government budgets will increase.
C) More people will try to pursue higher education.
D) There will be more competition in the job market.
59. What is the result of policy changes in European countries?
A) Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.
B) More people have to receive in-service training.
C) Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.
D) People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.
60. What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?
A) Computers will do more complicated work.
B) More will be taken by the educated young.
C) Most jobs to be done will be creative ones.
D) Skills are highly valued regardless of age.
考試采取“多題多卷”模式，試題順序不統(tǒng)一，請(qǐng)依據(jù)試題進(jìn)行核對(duì)。
答案：
56. B) Well-educated people tend to work longer.
57. B) A rapid technological advance.
58. A) Economic growth will slow down.
59. C) Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.
60.D) Skills are highly valued regardless of age.
6月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)閱讀真題與答案 2
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Resilience Is About How You Recharge, Not How You Endure
[A] As constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, or movies. We race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through security, doing a last-minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. Then, when we try to have that amazing work session in flight, we get nothing done. Even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the same studies over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with (繼續(xù)處理) the emails that have inevitably still piled up.
[B] Why should flying deplete us? We’re just sitting there doing nothing. Why can’t we be tougher, more resilient (有復(fù)原力的) and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves? Based on our current research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem comes from a misconception of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.
[C] We often take a militaristic, “tough” approach to resilience and determination like a Marine pulling himself through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play. We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. However, this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate.
[D] The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful. Research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems. And lack of recovery—whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones—is costing our companies $62 billion a year in lost productivity.
[E] And just because work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering. We “stop” work sometimes at 5pm, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we’ll do tomorrow. In a study just released, researchers from Norway found that 7.8% of Norwegians have become workaholics(工作狂). The scientists cite a definition of “workaholism” as “being overly concerned about work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation, and investing so much time and effort in work that it impairs other important life areas.”
[F] We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of American workers, which prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the U.S. Our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery, resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs for employers.
[G] The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. Parents trying to teach their children resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3am to finish a science fair project. What a distortion of resilience! A resilient child is a well-rested one. When an exhausted student goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with his impaired driving; he doesn’t have the cognitive resources to do well on his English test; he has lower self-control with his friends; and at home, he is moody with his parents. Overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the bad habits we acquire when we’re young only magnify when we hit the workforce.
[H] As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout. Gathering your resources to “try hard” requires burning energy in order to overcome your currently low arousal level. It also worsens exhaustion. Thus the more imbalanced we become due to overworking, the more value there is in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance. The value of a recovery period rises in proportion to the amount of work required of us.
[I] So how do we recover and build resilience? Most people assume that if you stop doing a task like answering emails or writing a paper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you start again later in the day or the next morning, you’ll have your energy back. But surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep because your brain is thinking about work. If you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel exhausted the next day. That’s because rest and recovery are not the same thing.
[J] If you’re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods. As researchers Zijlstra, Cropley and Rydstedt write in their 2014 paper: “Internal recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the work day or the work setting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or changing to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required for the initial task are temporarily depleted or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work—e.g. in the free time between the work days, and during weekends, holidays or vacations.” If after work you lie around on your bed and get irritated by political commentary on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states. Our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do.
[K] If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. Give yourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. Amy Blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control overworking. She suggests downloading the Instant or Moment apps to see how many times you turn on your phone each day. You can also use apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically scheduling automatic airplane modes. The average person turns on their phone 150 times every day. If every distraction took only 1 minute, that would account for 2.5 hours a day.
[L] In addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. Try to not have lunch at your desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends—not talking about work. Take all of your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises your productivity and likelihood of promotion.
[M] As for us, we’ve started using our plane time as a work-free zone, and thus time to dip into the recovery phase. The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time we get on a plane, and the crowded space and unstable internet connection make work more challenging. Now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch movies, or listen to music. And when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to return to the performance zone.
36. It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents.
37. Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.
38. Adequate rest not only helps one recover, but also increases one’s work efficiency.
39. The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.
40. Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.
41. It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking.
42. Contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.
43. The author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience.
44. People’s distorted view about resilience may have developed from their upbringing.
45. People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.
答案：
36.D
37. J
38. L
39. A
40. E
41. K
42. I
43.B
44. G
45. C
四級(jí)閱讀理解答案：詞匯理解
26. G)habitats
【語法判斷】marine是形容詞，表示“海洋的”，后面應(yīng)該跟一個(gè)名詞。符合條件的名詞有experiences(經(jīng)驗(yàn))、exterior(外部)、habitats(棲息地)、investment(投資)、territory(領(lǐng)土)、victim(受害人)。
【語意判斷】從上下文可知，暗礁是潛泳和保護(hù)海洋______的圣地，所以應(yīng)該選habitats，海洋棲息地。
27. M)stripped
【語法判斷】此處謂語不完整，要填寫動(dòng)詞，由was可知要使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。符合條件的動(dòng)詞有depressed(使…沮喪)、stripped(剝奪、剝離)。
【語意判斷】被沉下去的A300被______了所有有可能對(duì)環(huán)境有害的東西，所以應(yīng)該選stripped，被剝離了。
28. A)create
【語法判斷】此處是倒裝句，the sunken plane will后面應(yīng)該跟動(dòng)詞原形。符合條件的動(dòng)詞有create(創(chuàng)作、創(chuàng)造)、innovate(發(fā)明)。
【語意判斷】被沉默的飛機(jī)不僅僅將會(huì)給人工暗礁的生長_____完美的骨架，所以應(yīng)該選create，創(chuàng)造出。
29. L)stretches
【語法判斷】主句缺少謂語，主語是the plane，應(yīng)該選擇動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)。符合條件的動(dòng)詞有experiences(經(jīng)歷)、stretches(延展到)
【語意判斷】這個(gè)飛機(jī)____總長度54米，所以應(yīng)該選stretches，延展到。
30. C)eventually
【語法判斷】where引導(dǎo)的從句有完整的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，空格處應(yīng)該填寫副詞。符合條件的副詞有eventually(最后，終于)、intentionally(故意地、有意地)。
【語意判斷】在這個(gè)地方，潛水者將_______能夠探索機(jī)艙和….，因?yàn)槭窃陲w機(jī)沉下去以后，潛水者才能夠進(jìn)行探索，所以應(yīng)該選eventually，最終
31. F)exterior
【語法判斷】由plane’s可知此處為所有格，應(yīng)該填一個(gè)名詞。符合條件的名詞有experiences(經(jīng)驗(yàn))、exterior(外部)、investment(投資)、territory(領(lǐng)土)、victim(受害人)。
【語意判斷】潛水者最終可以探索機(jī)艙和飛機(jī)的_____，潛水者會(huì)探索飛機(jī)的內(nèi)部和外部，所以應(yīng)該選exterior，外部。
32. J)investment
【語法判斷】由that代詞可知，此處應(yīng)該填寫一個(gè)名詞。符合條件的名詞有experiences(經(jīng)驗(yàn))、investment(投資)、territory(領(lǐng)土)、victim(受害人)。
【語意判斷】他們(投資者)希望通過旅游業(yè)看到在_____上的回報(bào)，又從前一句知道投資者在飛機(jī)上花了大量的金錢，所以應(yīng)該選擇investment，投資上的回報(bào)。
33. O)victim
【語法判斷】由定冠詞the和介詞of可知，此處應(yīng)該填寫一個(gè)名詞。符合條件的名詞有experiences(經(jīng)驗(yàn))、territory(領(lǐng)土)、victim(受害者)。
【語意判斷】土耳其這個(gè)國家是幾起致命的.恐怖襲擊的______，由上文可知，土耳其的旅游業(yè)出現(xiàn)了下滑的趨勢(shì)，他們受到了恐怖襲擊的影響，所以應(yīng)該選victim，受害者。
34. I)intentionally
【語法判斷】sunk修飾aircraft表示被沉沒的飛機(jī)，此處可以填寫一個(gè)形容詞和sunk并列修飾aircraft，也可以是一個(gè)副詞修飾形容詞sunk。符合條件的形容詞有depressed(沮喪的)、revealing(透露真情的、有啟迪作用的);符合條件的副詞有intentionally(故意地、有意地)。
【語意判斷】A300是的______被沉沒的飛機(jī)，由上下文可知，這架飛機(jī)是被人為地沉沒到海底地，所以此處應(yīng)該選intentionally，故意被沉沒的飛機(jī)。
35. E)exploring
【語法判斷】and并聯(lián)連詞連接taking和填空部分，形式應(yīng)與taking保持一致，動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。符合條件的動(dòng)詞有exploring(探索)、revealing(揭露)。
【語意判斷】經(jīng)歷一場水下旅行和_______沉沒的A300內(nèi)部，由語意可知，應(yīng)該選擇exploring，探索內(nèi)部。
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