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考研英語(yǔ)模擬試題二及答案解析(word版)(12)
Sample Four
41.「答案」F
「解析」本題的選擇可以至少?gòu)囊韵氯齻(gè)角度考慮。其一,從本語(yǔ)段話(huà)題角度來(lái)看,選項(xiàng)中的“tactics(策略)”概念為原文“strategy”、“policy”等概念的歸納。其二,從分析性思維的角度來(lái)看,本段作者著重談?wù)摿瞬煌娜藢?duì)于文件的收集有不同的看法。其三,本語(yǔ)段承接了上文所引出的關(guān)于檔案管理的話(huà)題。
42.「答案」A
「解析」本題的選擇可以至少?gòu)囊韵氯齻(gè)角度考慮。其一,從本語(yǔ)段話(huà)題角度來(lái)看,選項(xiàng)中的“personal and familial archival collection”概念為原文“household level archivist”、“everything that is personal and familiar”等概念的歸納。其二,從態(tài)度分析的角度來(lái)看,本段作者著重談?wù)摿俗约簩?duì)于檔案管理的熱情并給予例證。其三,本語(yǔ)段承接了上段的策略問(wèn)題,即作者自己的做法。
43.「答案」D
「解析」本題的選擇可以至少?gòu)囊韵氯齻(gè)角度考慮。其一,從本語(yǔ)段話(huà)題角度來(lái)看,選項(xiàng)中的“explosion(劇增)”概念為原文“exceeding”、“information overload”、“overabundant”等概念的歸納。其二,從分析性思維的角度來(lái)看,本段作者著重談?wù)摿藝?guó)家檔案收集過(guò)快的問(wèn)題。注意本段不能選擇選項(xiàng)C.其三,本語(yǔ)段與上段構(gòu)成了對(duì)比邏輯關(guān)系。
44.「答案」C
「解析」本題的選擇可以至少?gòu)囊韵氯齻(gè)角度考慮。其一,從本語(yǔ)段話(huà)題角度來(lái)看,選項(xiàng)中的“trivial personal documents”概念為原文“l(fā)ifetime documentary output”等概念的歸納。其二,從分析性思維的角度來(lái)看,本段作者著重談?wù)摿藝?guó)家檔案中存在過(guò)多的太過(guò)于細(xì)節(jié)化的文件。其三,本語(yǔ)段承接了上文所引出的關(guān)于檔案過(guò)多的話(huà)題。
45.「答案」E
「解析」本題的選擇可以至少?gòu)囊韵氯齻(gè)角度考慮。其一,從本語(yǔ)段話(huà)題角度來(lái)看,本選項(xiàng)主要談?wù)摰氖菓?yīng)該如何正確對(duì)待文件和檔案的策略。選項(xiàng)E表達(dá)了此意。其二,從態(tài)度分析的角度來(lái)看,本段作者使用了疑問(wèn)句提出了對(duì)于檔案的策略應(yīng)該是什么?之后提出了自己的觀點(diǎn)。其三,本語(yǔ)段內(nèi)使用的是對(duì)比的邏輯。此外注意最后兩個(gè)自然段之間話(huà)題的一致性和語(yǔ)義的連貫性。
譯文
幾年前的一個(gè)上午,我收到父母的一封郵件,里面有一張1952年紐羅徹利醫(yī)院在為我接生后開(kāi)具的賬單。在整理地下室和閣樓的東西時(shí),那張賬單出現(xiàn)在一堆寶貝紙箱中。在我小的時(shí)候,家里滿(mǎn)滿(mǎn)地塞有很多這樣的紙箱。賬單上,五天的住院費(fèi)(包含藥費(fèi)和電話(huà)費(fèi))共達(dá)187.86美元。這么低的費(fèi)用確實(shí)使我吃了一驚。但是還有讓我吃驚的其他事情:幾十年來(lái),我們家積累下那么多的文件,在仔細(xì)看過(guò)以后,我父母認(rèn)為惟一有保存意義的就是那張接生費(fèi)用賬單。
在人生的某個(gè)階段,大多數(shù)人會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)到在現(xiàn)代生活中不可避免地要確定保存?zhèn)人文獻(xiàn)的策略,因?yàn)槿藗儽仨殞?duì)不同的文獻(xiàn)加以區(qū)別對(duì)待。對(duì)小孩的繪畫(huà)和卡片怎么辦?對(duì)私人信件和雜志剪貼該如何處理?人們?yōu)槊總(gè)這樣的問(wèn)題都想出了答案,但我懷疑這些答案往往錯(cuò)在多多益善上,更多保存的是無(wú)用的文件。正如一位考古學(xué)家所言,幾乎每個(gè)人都在保管或“館藏”《全國(guó)地理》雜志。這就是為什么這份雜志在垃圾場(chǎng)里很少會(huì)單本出現(xiàn),而是一疊疊地被人們發(fā)現(xiàn)的原因。在收藏者死亡或搬遷之后,整個(gè)這套收藏品就被丟棄了。
我一度突發(fā)收藏的興致,成了一個(gè)不折不扣的家庭檔案保管員。雖然我不是那種被公共衛(wèi)生機(jī)關(guān)隔幾年就檢點(diǎn)一次的人,可我狹窄的過(guò)道里還是堆滿(mǎn)了整齊地捆扎好的一疊疊報(bào)紙。我確實(shí)想保存?zhèn)人和家庭的所有物品,甚至用一些更具有公眾性質(zhì)的古怪東西來(lái)補(bǔ)充我的私人檔案庫(kù),例如托馬列斯。納斯特電話(huà)卡和金。菲爾比版本的《廚藝之樂(lè)》。
然而,我不禁要問(wèn),全國(guó)檔案的收藏量是不是正以超出人們理解的速度增加著呢?很多觀察家引用“信息超載”這個(gè)名詞,好像這個(gè)問(wèn)題是最近才有,主要是計(jì)算機(jī)產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。事實(shí)上,如何保存過(guò)多的檔案,這是一個(gè)至少有幾千年歷史的古老問(wèn)題。當(dāng)資料匱乏的時(shí)候,研究歷史的人肯定會(huì)感到頭疼;但不難想到原始資料無(wú)比豐富時(shí),一個(gè)截然不同的問(wèn)題會(huì)隨之出現(xiàn)。
且不說(shuō)評(píng)價(jià)整整一個(gè)時(shí)代所需付出的艱辛勞動(dòng),單看一看保存一個(gè)杰出人物的生平檔案所需的體力精力就夠了。本杰明。狄斯累利寫(xiě)的東西全部保存了下來(lái),小到一封像如今的電子郵件那樣的短信:“親愛(ài)的,我會(huì)在今晚7:30回家吃飯。狄斯草!蔽榈铝_。威爾遜留下了這么多資料,以至于歷史學(xué)家阿瑟。S.林克畢其一生都在普林斯頓大學(xué)注釋威爾遜的私人文件,并結(jié)集出版,共達(dá)六十九卷。
把某些檔案館當(dāng)作新的“古土墩”荒謬嗎?“古土墩”是由歷代城市廢墟一層層地堆積而成的,在中東隨處可見(jiàn),藏有千萬(wàn)年來(lái)人類(lèi)歷史的考古資料。無(wú)數(shù)的“古土墩”里,只有屈指可數(shù)的幾座得到了系統(tǒng)的發(fā)掘。即使單單想弄清楚這幾個(gè)“古土墩”里藏有什么,不花幾個(gè)世紀(jì),也得用幾十年。
請(qǐng)不要誤解我。我決不是主張放棄什么。人們很難預(yù)知,什么樣的資料會(huì)有趣味或重要性,什么樣的資料應(yīng)當(dāng)干脆束之高閣。然而信息畢竟還是有自己的天敵,有時(shí)候,也許順其自然反倒是最佳方式。
Part C
46. 縱觀整個(gè)美國(guó)歷史,這種模式導(dǎo)致了持續(xù)性的、并不令人滿(mǎn)意的結(jié)果,即對(duì)弱勢(shì)文化的歧視。語(yǔ)言的不同不僅使從屬變得合理,而且提供了實(shí)現(xiàn)從屬的完備方案。
47. 這種“旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)”現(xiàn)象和從南部來(lái)的大量的潛在移民,很有可能造成將來(lái)大量西班牙語(yǔ)團(tuán)體存在于美國(guó)。
48. 但是,在20世紀(jì)60年代,這樣的計(jì)劃的建立只是為了促進(jìn)那些在語(yǔ)言上處于弱勢(shì)的孩子們的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí),這樣可以避免他們因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)語(yǔ)言不熟悉而在其他方面受到限制。
49. 考慮到西班牙語(yǔ)在美國(guó)歷史上曾受到歧視,在學(xué)校里保持有西班牙語(yǔ)的要求其實(shí)是那個(gè)民族價(jià)值和文化的雙重聲明。
50. 而且,如果一定要對(duì)雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)的效果下斷言,那么將英語(yǔ)作為世界上惟一語(yǔ)言的要求是并不明智的。
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
51.
Dear Editor,
As the growingly important role played by the Volunteers' Association in the university is concerned, I sincerely suggest that your newspaper should cover more on it.
The Volunteers' Association has been organizing various activities, which provide opportunities for the students to know more about the society out of campus. For instance, it organizes some students to teach English in some village schools; it holds meetings and forums for students to talk about serious social problems, such as Aids and poverty. In short, the volunteer activities have become a part of the campus life.
However, the significance of the Volunteer activities lies more in enabling the college students to get accustomed to the real social life than just making their lives colorful. It has been commonly agreed that college students should get access to the society instead of studying inside the university only. As a result, the Volunteers' Association and its activities appear as a bridge between campus and the society.
As far as I am concerned, volunteer activities are just as important as study in my university life. I have joined the Volunteers' Association of my department and have taken part in various activities organized by it. What I have learnt during my work in these activities is not what I could learn in the textbooks. And I am sure I will benefit from these experiences.
Yours,
Li Ming
Part B
52.
The Widening of College Enrollment
As can be seen from the charts, China's higher education, with the rapid growth of its GDP (gross domestic product), is also developing very fast. There were only about 110 thousand college students when New China was born in 1949, while the number hit 3.5 million 50 years later in 1998. And what impresses us most is the college recruitment of 1999-1.56 million, which is 44% higher than that of the previous year-1.08 million in 1998.
Several factors contribute to the booming of China's higher education. First, China's rapid economic development lays the basis. In 1952, China's GDP was only 67.9 billion yuan. In 1998, the figure soared to 7.94 trillion. Second, the Chinese government, counting on education to be another force to significantly further its economy, has made a series of preferential policies to quicken the development of higher education. One of the measures taken, for example, is the widening of college recruitment starting from 1999.
Seeing the education boost today, I have every reason to look forward to a still brighter future for China's higher education. I'm sure China will continue to increase college enrollment in the years to com。
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